J. Eng. Technol. Sci., Vol. 50, No. 1, 2018, 127-139 127
Received December 7
th
, 2017, Revised March 27
th
, 2018, Accepted for publication March 29
th
, 2018.
Copyright ©2018 Published by ITB Journal Publisher, ISSN: 2337-5779, DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2018.50.1.9
A Note on the Use of the Second Vertical Derivative (SVD)
of Gravity Data with Reference to Indonesian Cases
Prihadi Sumintadireja
1
, Darharta Dahrin
2
& Hendra Grandis
2
*
1
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*E-mail: grandis@geoph.itb.ac.id
Abstract. Gravity data analysis and interpretation are based, among others, on
their spatial variation represented by horizontal and vertical gradients. The
gradient or derivative of a gravity field can be calculated either in the spatial
domain or the wave-number domain. Historically, the second vertical derivative
(SVD) of gravity data can be used to delineate the boundaries of anomalous
sources. This paper addresses inappropriate use of the SVD of gravity data, with
reference to current practices in Indonesia. The SVD’s relative magnitude along
a profile is widely used to define whether a density contrast and its dipping
orientation correspond to a normal or reverse fault, which may be geologically
incorrect. Furthermore, the SVD is calculated by approximation using the
horizontal derivative, which may be erroneous especially with poorly distributed
data and anomalous 3D sources. We exemplify our analysis with synthetic data
and propose a more appropriate spectral-based analysis using field data.
Keywords: anomaly enhancement; basin delineation; fault; gradient; potential field.
1 Introduction
Potential field (gravity and magnetic) methods are used on a wide variety of
scales, i.e. from basin delineation at a regional scale to prospect investigation at
a very detailed scale. Spatial derivatives of potential field data are commonly
analyzed for qualitative and semi-quantitative interpretation. Horizontal and
vertical gradients are expected to enhance anomalous source boundaries from
anomaly maps [1,2]. On the other hand, decaying characteristics of the anomaly
may be used to infer the lateral position and depth of simple or elementary
anomalous sources, as in Euler deconvolution or its variants [3,4].
The Fourier domain is often preferred for advanced processing of gravity and
magnetic data, mostly because of speed and simplicity in operation, especially
with the vast amounts of data acquired in recent years. However, with the
advances of computational tools, grid-based data processing in the spatial
domain can also be efficiently executed. The choice of the calculation technique