Research Article Study on Prevalence of Trypanosomosis in Cattle of Sodo Zuriya District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia Nato Hundessa, Eshetu Esrael, Haben Fesseha , and Mesfin Mathewos School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Haben Fesseha; haben.senbetu@wsu.edu.et Received 6 April 2021; Accepted 22 October 2021; Published 10 December 2021 Academic Editor: Lizandra Guidi Magalhães Copyright © 2021 Nato Hundessa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Trypanosomosis is a significant impediment to Ethiopia’s livestock and farm production, adding adversely to the overall growth of agriculture in general and the nation’s food self-reliance efforts in particular. Methods. Cross-sectional research was performed on the prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle and the distinction of Trypanosoma species and potential factors in six selected provinces of the Sodo zuriya district in southern Ethiopia. Blood samples from the ear vein of 400 local and exotic cattle species were taken randomly. A hematocrit reader was used after centrifugation at 12,000 rpm for a five-minute assessment of anemic conditions of animals, and the anemia of the thin blood spraying and buffy coat procedure was tested to assess the incidence, detection, and packaging of Trypanosoma and the cell volume of each sampled animal. Results. Accordingly, twenty cattle were positive for trypanosomosis, with an overall proportion of 5.0%. From this overall prevalence, Trypanosoma congolense (3.3%) and Trypanosoma vivax (1.8%) were the two common Trypanosoma species in this study. The highest and the lowest prevalence of trypanosomes occurred in Guttuto Larena (35%) and Dalbo Wogane (0.00%), respectively. Age-wise prevalence revealed that young adults (45%) were the most affected, followed by old adults (35%) and adults (20%). Cattle with poor body condition scores (65%) were the most affected, followed by cattle with medium (30%) and good (5%) body condition scores, and this was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0:002). In addition, the variation in packed cell volume (PCV) between infected and noninfected cattle was significantly different (p ≤ 0:0001). Conclusion. Thus, the present study revealed the predominance of bovine trypanosomosis in the region and had a significant effect on body condition and anemia growth. The government and public should then collaborate in parasite-observed areas on the disease’s management and prevention efforts in an environmentally sustainable way. 1. Introduction Trypanosomosis is the primary hemoparasitic condition caused by unicellular protozoan parasites and reproduces in the bloodstream, lymphatic vessels, and tissue, together with cardiac muscles and the central nervous system [1]. It is one of the greatest barriers to animal production in Africa that is likely to increase the productivity of domestic livestock [2, 3]. Trypanosomosis in cattle and its vectors in vast areas in sub-Saharan Africa have devastating effects on livestock development and pose substantial threats to the survival of communities [1, 4]. Tsetse flies exist over ten million square kilometers in Africa, representing 38 countries in total [5, 6]. Recently, out of the total 147 million species of animals, approximately three hundred seventy-seven thousand spe- cies have been susceptible to tsetses in different countries. The European region produces 70 times more animal protein than the African region as a result of this disease [7, 8]. The gross losses in Africa are estimated at $500 billion annually [1, 9]. The main vector of trypanosomosis is tsetse flies, which are categorized under the genus Glossina species. In addi- tion, G. morsitans is frequently identified in the savanna area, whereas G. palpalis favors rivers and lake areas and G. fusca is found in dense forest zones. These three species of Glossina convey trypanosomosis in various mammals [10, 11]. Moreover, biting flies can serve as mechanical Hindawi Journal of Parasitology Research Volume 2021, Article ID 4472480, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4472480