IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 16-20 www.iosrjournals.org Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (SICETE) 16 | Page Dr.J.J.Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur Prediction of Performance and Emission of Palm oil Biodiesel in Diesel Engine Sumedh Ingle 1 ,Vilas Nandedkar 2 ,Madhav Nagarhalli 3 1 ( Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engg.,SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon 423603, India,) 2 (Professor,Dept. of Production Engg., SGGS Institute of Engg.& Technology, Nanded 431606, India ) 3 (Professor, Navsahyadri Education Society’s Group of Institutes,Faculty of Engg.,Naigaon, Pune, India ) ABSTRACT: Recent studies reveal that increasing fuel prices and scarcity of its supply have promoted interest in development of alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is receiving increasing attention each passing day because fuel of properties and compatibility with petroleum- based diesel fuel. Therefore, in this paper the prospects and opportunities of using methyl esters of palm oil as fuel in an engine is studied. In the present research work tests were conducted on a four stroke, single cylinder, D.I. diesel engine with Diesel and various blends of Biodiesel at various preheating temperature. The results of performance and emission tests are compared with various blends of palm oil biodiesel with that of neat diesel. The results indicate that at blend B20 with preheating temperature 60 o C, Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) is lowest and highest exhaust gas temperature as compare to other blends, while neat diesel gives lowest smoke density. Keywords-Brake specific energy consumption, smoke density, eddy current dynamometer, exhaust gas temperature. I. Introduction The present reservation of fuels used in internal combustion (IC) engines including diesel will deplete within 40 years if consumed at an increasing rate. This aspect has drawn the attention to conserve and stretch the oil reserves by conducting research on alternative fuels. In view of this, vegetable oil is a promising alternative because it has several advantages such as it is renewable, environment-friendly and its high yield crops available in rural areas. Therefore, in recent years, systemic efforts have been made by several researchers to use vegetable oils as fuel in engines. Obviously, the use of non-edible vegetable oils compared to edible oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food and they are far too expensive to be used as fuel at present. Vegetable oil esters are receiving increasing attention as a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable alternative diesel fuel. These esters have become known as biodiesel [1] [2]. Its use requires virtually no changes in the fuel distribution system and is technically competitive with petroleum-derived diesel fuel. Many studies have shown that the properties of biodiesel are very close to diesel fuel. Therefore, biodiesel can be used in diesel engines with few or no modifications[3][4]. Biodiesel has high viscosity, density, iodine value and poor non-volatility, which leads in pumping problem, atomization problem and poor combustion inside the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. In case of long-term use of vegetable oils in diesel engines, problems such as gumming, injector fouling, piston ring sticking and contamination of lubricating oils are bound to occur. All these problems are due to the high viscosity of vegetable oils. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the viscosity of vegetable oil to be near to that of diesel. The solution to the problems has been approached in several ways, such as preheating the oils, blending them with diesel, thermal cracking and transesterification. Transesterification, or alcoholysis, is the reaction of a fat or oil with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol [5][6]. The literature clearly shows that transesterification is the best way to use vegetable oil as a fuel in existing diesel engine[7]. The objective of this work is to preheat palm biodiesel at various temperature (50 o C, 55 o C, 60 o C) and test the biodiesel blends with petroleum diesel under different loading conditions to derive an optimum fuel-blend in terms of emission and performance. The properties of Palm oil biodiesel are given in Table 1. [8]