TECHNICAL REPORTS
1812
Postfire nutrient release into ecosystem via plant ash is critical
to the understanding of fire impacts on the environment.
Factors determining a postfire nutrient budget are prefire
nutrient content in the combustible biomass, burn temperature,
and the amount of combustible biomass. Our objective was to
quantitatively describe the relationships between nutrient losses
(or concentrations in ash) and burning temperature in laboratory
controlled combustion and to further predict nutrient losses in
field fire by applying predictive models established based on
laboratory data. Te percentage losses of total nitrogen (TN),
total carbon (TC), and material mass showed a significant
linear correlation with a slope close to 1, indicating that TN
or TC loss occurred predominantly through volatilization
during combustion. Data obtained in laboratory experiments
suggest that the losses of TN, TC, as well as the ratio of ash
total phosphorus (TP) concentration to leaf TP concentration
have strong relationships with burning temperature and these
relationships can be quantitatively described by nonlinear
equations. Te potential use of these nonlinear models relating
nutrient loss (or concentration) to temperature in predicting
nutrient concentrations in field ash appear to be promising.
During a prescribed fire in the northern Everglades, 73.1%
of TP was estimated to be retained in ash while 26.9% was
lost to the atmosphere, agreeing well with the distribution of
TP during previously reported wild fires. Te use of predictive
models would greatly reduce the cost associated with measuring
field ash nutrient concentrations.
Estimation of Postfre Nutrient Loss in the Florida Everglades
Y. Qian University of Florida
S. L. Miao and B. Gu South Florida Water Management District
Y. C. Li* University of Florida
T
he Florida Everglades, which occupies an area of
approximately 6200 km
2
, is one of the largest and most
unique wetlands in the world. Although this highly P limited
freshwater wetland was historically sawgrass [Cladium mariscus
(L.) ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük] dominant, thousands of
hectares have been replaced by cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)
which is characteristic of P-enriched habitats (Miao and Sklar,
1998; Richardson et al., 1999), due to anthropogenic activities.
Tese activities are leading to significant ecosystem changes in
geographic extent, environmentally driven factors (e.g., hydrology
and fire), biotic diversity, and nutrient biogeochemical cycling
(Noe et al., 2001; Noe and Childers, 2007). To accelerate the
ecosystem recovery process, active management of the existing
cattail marsh, including prescribed fires, is considered a potential
tool for Everglades restoration (Miao and Carstenn, 2006; Qian
et al., 2009). A large-scale and long-term ecosystem study (the
Fire Project) is currently conducted in Water Conservation Area
2A (WCA 2A) to assess whether repeated fire can be an effective
management tool to accelerate recovery in highly nutrient
enriched area (Miao and Carstenn, 2006). On the other hand,
anthropogenic activities (e.g., changes in land use and climate)
can increase the risk of a wildfire, which is an essential process in
South Florida to regulate the structure and function of ecosystems
(Wade et al., 1980). Terefore, it is essential to evaluate nutrient
composition of plant ash and redistribution from plant ash into
the sediment-water system, for assessing fire effects on nutrient
availability in the Everglades.
Nutrient transport during and postfire have been studied previ-
ously. Te pathways through which nutrients contained in vegetation
or surface soil are redistributed by a fire are via nonparticulate (vola-
tilization) and/or particulate (ash) pathways (Raison et al., 1985).
Nutrients (e.g., C, N, and S) with relatively low volatilization tem-
perature are most likely removed from the burned site through vola-
tilization and result in atmospheric pollution (Cachier et al., 1995;
McNaughton et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000; Wan et al., 2001). Other-
wise, nutrients remaining in ash can be redistributed to adjacent areas
via wind, rainfall, erosion, runoff, and leaching, or be deposited on-
site and thus may have a significant impact on the soil nutrient status
Abbreviations: DA, discriminant analysis; DDI water, double deionized water; H zone,
highly-impacted zone; MLR, multiple linear regression; M zone, moderately-impacted
zone; R zone, reference zone; WCA 2A, Water Conservation Area 2A.
Y. Qian and Y.C. Li, Tropical Research & Education Center, Soil and Water Science Dep., IFAS,
Univ. of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031; S.L. Miao and B. Gu, South
Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Rd., West Palm Beach, FL 33406.
Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science
Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. All rights
reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including pho-
tocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published in J. Environ. Qual. 38:1812–1820 (2009).
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0391
Received 28 Aug. 2008.
*Corresponding author (yunli@uf.edu).
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TECHNICAL REPORTS: ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION