 INTRODUCTION Despite its small throughput, the Balangero asbestos open pit mine, located 35km N-W of Tori- no (Torino), was the largest operation of this kind in Western Europe. After bankruptcy the site was abandoned, including the tailings storage facility (dump located at 45°17' 40.51N, 7°31' 17.40E, Fig. 1). There are similar examples of orphan mining sites around the world where tailings are re- sponsible of long term public health issues. However, Balangero remains to date and to the best of our knowledge, the only example in the world where a rehabilitation has been designed using risk based decision making (RBDM), built and monitored for almost two decades. The Balangero open pit was cut into the ridge of an elongated hill. The mill was located on one side of the hill and the tailings dumps on the other. In 1918, it was foreseen that the mine would extract 26,000 m 3 rock per year, but in 1961 the mine extracted 1.3 Mm 3 rock. In 1966 a new mill with a capacity of 25,000 metric tonnes of fiber per annum was installed.  TAILINGS HANDLING AND STORAGE The dry tailings were lifted from the mill, located at the foot of the hill, by a conveyor belt (which partially ran underground) to a location near the ridge. From there they were conveyed to the opposite side of the hill, and then dumped over a natural slope with an approximate angle of 25 degrees from the altitude of about 830 m a.s.l. to the bottom of the valley at 580 m a.s.l. for final storage (Fig. 1, 2). Applying ORE to Balangero Asbestos Mine Dumps Environmental Rehabilitation Risk Informed Decision Making Franco Oboni Oboni Riskope Associates Inc., Vancouver, B.C., Canada Cesar henri Oboni Oboni Riskope Associates Inc., Vancouver, B.C., Canada ABSTRACT: Twenty years ago the Balangero Asbestos Mine Dumps Environmental Rehabili- tation (BAMDER) competitive bid was won by an engineering group supported by what was then called Risk Based Decision Making (RBDM). Thus it was demonstrated that including risk assessment through the design of a project, from cradle to delivery and including risk driven maintenance concepts brought value and a leading edge to the proponents. Recently NASA and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) have brought forward a process called Risk Informed Decision Making (RIDM). Both RBDM and RIDM use probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) as a tool within the process. In this paper we will show the step by step RBDM proce- dure used for Balangero and highlight the subtle differences with RIDM. The differences are necessary to make the process accessible and economically sustainable for any civilian project, including, of course mining ones. 20 years post remediation lesson learned at BAMDER will be described, including remote monitoring made possible by drones and data treatment. RBDM/RIDM are presently deployed for a similar project in North America.