Review on Recent Advances in Urinary
Biomarkers Based Electrochemical
Sensors for Prostate Cancer Detection
Meriem Mokni, Najla Fourati, Chouki Zerrouki, Ali Othmane,
Asma Omezzine, and Ali Bouslama
Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the first most frequently diagnosed malignancy
in man in Europe and is the third major case of males’ cancer-related death. PCa
screening and diagnosis are therefore societal and public health issues. Prostate spe-
cific antigen is the routine marker, but it is not specific for PCa. Several promising
new biomarkers, including proteins, circulating tumor-derived DNA and RNA, and
metabolites, are currently under clinical and analytical evaluation. The most promis-
ing ones are probably those present in urine, a valuable biological fluid that contains
diverse biomarkers produced nearby by the prostatic tumour, and which can be easily
collected with non-invasive sampling procedure. For each type of biomarker, there
are already conventional assay techniques: namely ELISA and Western Blot for
proteins and RT-PCR for DNA and RNA. Despite their undeniable metrological per-
formances, these techniques remain expensive and require sophisticated equipment.
Hence there is a need for ultra-sensitive, reliable and disposable tools for preclinical
diagnosis of PCa. The most promising candidates are probably the electrochemical
M. Mokni · N. Fourati (B ) · C. Zerrouki
SATIE Laboratory, Cnam, Paris, France
e-mail: fourati@cnam.fr
M. Mokni
e-mail: mokni.meriem@hotmail.fr
C. Zerrouki
e-mail: zerrouki@cnam.fr
M. Mokni · A. Omezzine · A. Bouslama
LR12SP11 Laboratory, CHU Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
e-mail: asmaomezzine2@gmail.com
A. Bouslama
e-mail: ali.bouslama@rns.tn
A. Othmane
LIMA Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
e-mail: ali.othmane54@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
O. Kanoun and N. Derbel (eds.), Advanced Sensors for Biomedical Applications,
Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation 38,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71225-9_8
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