Journal of Health Science 2013, 3(2): 25-28
DOI: 10.5923/j.health.20130302.04
Comparative Assessment of Microbial Contamination
from Swabs Collected within University Facilities
Azhar M. Haleem
1,*
, Daliah M. Ali Hassan
2
, Sedek A. K. Al-Hiyaly
1
1
Environmental research center, University of technology
2
Workshop and training center, University of technology
Abstract The present study which lasted from January to March 2013 aims to evaluate the microbial contamination
within the university of technology, Baghdad. 44 swabs were collected from 7 different locations (kindergarten, Building and
construction engineering department, workshops and training center, presidency, three cafeterias and restaurants). 56
microbial isolates were obtained, 51 (91.1%) bacteria and 5 (8.9%) fungi, (23.5%)of 51 bacterial isolates belong to Gram
positive and 39 (76.55%) for Gram negative bacteria. The total viable count (TVC) was 7.3 log10 CFU/ ml, 3.35 log10 CFU/
ml, 3.45 log10 CFU/ ml, 3.55 log10 CFU/ ml, 5.23 log10 CFU/ ml for kindergarten, Building and construction engineering
department, presidency, workshops and training center, three cafeterias and restaurants respectively, while (TVC) of carpets,
sinks and bathrooms, lockers, dining table, doorknob was 3.23 log 10 CFU/ ml, 2.25 log10 CFU/ ml, 1.15 log 10 CFU/ ml,
2.15 log10 CFU/ ml, 2.45 log10 CFU/ ml respectively.
Keywords Microbial Contamination, TVC, Swabs and Kindergarten
1. Introduction
Bacteria and fungi spread in all locations and spaces,
because their small size and their ability to resist hard
conditions beside our inability to see, all of these enable
them to survive, multiply and cause serious health problems
for many people[1]. Bathrooms and places of food
processing (restaurants and cafeterias) play an important role
in hygienic aspects which may turn into warehouses of
pathogenic microbes[2].
Bacteria represent the most prevalent microbial
aggregates, and Gram negative bacteria are the most
widespread especially Enterobacteriaceae group which is
considered one of fecal contamination indicator and their
presence evidence about other pathogen[3, 4].
Gram positive bacteria no less importance in disease
incidence for human such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
Bacillus which are caused serious health problems for human
because their Virulence factors[5].
Universities a large places have many facilities such as
educational, administrative, services, gardens and others,
students and other staff spent more than 8 hours per day, five
days a week this long time make them susceptible to
different types of disease and injuries and this may lead them
to absenteeism and delayed the performance of their duties.
This study aims to evaluated the microbial contamination in
* Corresponding author:
amhjanabi@yahoo.com (Azhar M. Haleem)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/health
Copyright © 2013 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
different locates and sites within university of technology.
95.3% of students and staff eat one meal at least during
their presence at the university, 22.4% of staff have one or
more children in the kindergarten within the university,
100% of students and staff attending the cafeterias once a
week at least.
77.56% of students and staff go to the university health
center for health care or for sick leave, 27.5% of sick people
suffered from gastrointestinal illness, 63.45 of them suffered
from respiratory tract infections 9.05% malnutrition and
allergic disease.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
The present study which is lasted from January to March
2013 within university of technology Baghdad, Iraq, aimed
to evaluate microbial contamination. 44 samples (swabs)
were collected from 7 different locations (kindergarten,
presidency, Build ing and Construction Engineering
department, workshops and training center and three
different restaurant and cafeterias).
Samples with a moisture sterile cotton swab were taken
from (kitchens, dining tables, lockers, bathrooms, sinks,
refrigerators, freezers, ovens, carpets, children beds and
doorknobs), all swabs labeled appropriately and were
transported to the laboratory within an hour for culture and
treated according to standard method[6,7].
2.2. Total Viable Count