e-ISSN: 2320-7949 p-ISSN: 2322-0090 30 RRJDS | Volume 4 | Issue 4 | December, 2016 Research & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences INTRODUCTION Autotransplantation is defned as the surgical transposition of a tooth from its original site to another, replacing a lost or compromised tooth, in the same individual [1] . A single tooth replacement because of dental loss includes dental implant, fxed partial denture and tooth autotransplantation that is advised as a suitable alternative to conventional prosthetic rehabilitation or implant treatment [2] . Autotransplantation is a viable option for the treatment of a missing tooth or for replacement of an avulsed and traumatized tooth when a donor tooth is available [3] . Tooth autotransplantation exhibits a number of advantages compared to other treatment options (i.e., dental implants or fxed partial prostheses), such as greater resistance to occlusal loading, maintenance of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and sur- rounding bone, and potential for better esthetics [4] . The success of dental transplants is infuenced by a number of factors such as case selection, age of the patient, develop- mental stage and type of tooth transplanted, surgical trauma during extraction and storage after removing the donor tooth and skill of the surgeon [5] . However, the highest success rate involves teeth with developing roots with open apices [6] , which restricts the application of tooth autotransplantation to younger patients, teeth with complete root formation could be considered for use as donor teeth [7] . Endodontic Treatment After Autotransplantation of Tooth with Complete Root Formation Caio Cesar Souza 1 Augusto Shogi Kato 1 , Rina Andrea Pelegrine 1 Ana Paula Simezo 1 , Fábio Silveira de Souza 2 , Camila Andrade, Daniele Maia 3 , Yanessa Santos Muniz 4 Antônio Henrique Braitt 4 and Ana Grasiela da Silva Limoeiro 4* 1 Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil 2 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ilhéus University, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil 3 Department of Endodontics, Instituto Baiano de Pesquisa Odontologica (IBPO), Teixeira de Freitas, BA, Brazil 4 Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ilhéus University, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil Case Report ABSTRACT The dental autotransplantation consists in the surgical transposition of a tooth from its original site to another, replacing a compromised tooth, in the same individual. It is a viable treatment option for tooth replacement when a suitable donor tooth is available. Autotransplantation should be considered as one of the most biologic techniques for replacing a missing tooth with minimal cost and can be carried out even after complete root formation in the donor tooth. This case report described signifcant vertical bone growth after autotransplantation of a mature third molar. In the follow-up period averaged 24 months, radiographic and clinical observations indicated a satisfactory outcome as follows: absence of progressive root resorption, bone regeneration and the emergence of lamina dura around the transplant were obvious in the postoperative radiograph. Clinically, the transplanted tooth functioned normally without mobility or discomfort. Received: 14/09/2016 Accepted: 05/10/2016 Published: 12/10/2016 *For Correspondence Ana Grasiela da Silva Limoeiro, Praça Juracy Magalhães, 51, Sala 4, Iguaí, BA, Brazil, ZIP: 45280.000, Tel: +55 73 988741956 E-mail: grasielalimoeiro@gmail.com Keywords: Autotransplantation, Mature third molar, Vertical bone growth , Carlos Eduardo da Silveria Bueno , 1