Introduction Yakushima Island in southern Japan was regis- tered as the World Heritage Area in 1993, due to very rich and unique biological diversity. In the course of a research program of the National Mu- seum of National and Science (Taxonomic re- search for plants and fungi in areas with remark- able biodiversity in Japan), we observed 114 fun- gal taxa (49 taxa of ascomycetes and 65 taxa of anamorphic fungi) belonging to 90 genera from Yakushima Island (Tanaka and Hosoya, 2006; Hosoya and Tanaka, 2007a, 2007b). These col- lected fungi included several species new to Japanease mycobiota. As to Ascomycota, six Loculoascomycetes new to Japan were reported with taxonomic notes (Tanaka and Hosoya, 2006). In this paper, six anamorphic fungi are de- scribed from Japan for the first time, and their in- formation on the habitats is noted. Materials and Methods Fungal materials on plant substrata were col- lected during the exploration in October in 2005. Some young materials were matured on moist paper towels in plastic boxes and stored at ambi- ent temperature for one or two weeks. Specimens were kept in the herbaria of the National Muse- um of Nature and Science (TNS) and Hirosaki University (HHUF). Cultures were obtained using a Skaerman’s micromanipulator (Skerman, 1968) and were deposited in RIKEN BioRe- source Center (JCM). Each fungus was observed and measured with an Olympus microscope (BX51) equipped with a Nomarski interference differential contrast objec- tive. In most cases, they were mounted in water, but sometimes mounted in lactphenol (20 g phe- nol, 20 g lactic acid, and 40 g glycerol in 20 ml distilled water) for long-term observations. Descriptions 1. Acrogenospora altissima (Goid.) Goh, K. D. Hyde et K. M. Tsui, Mycol. Res. 102: 1310, 1998. [Figs. 1, 7] Teleomorph: Farlowiella australis Dennis, Re- sults Norweg. Exped. T. da Cunha 36: 10, 1955. Colonies effuse, black. Conidiophores dark brown to black, 7–10-septate, 150–300 m m long, 6–7 m m wide at the base, 4–5 m m wide at the Six Dematiaceous Conidial Fungi New to Japan from Yakushima Island Hiroaki Yonezawa 1 , Genki Sato 1 , Yusuke Hiro 2 , Kazuaki Tanaka 1 and Tsuyoshi Hosoya 3 1 Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036–8561, Japan E-mail: k-tanaka@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp 2 Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Inohara 1–8–1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260–8673, Japan 3 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, 305–0005, Japan E-mail: hosoya@kahaku.go.jp Abstract Six anamorphic fungi new to Japan are described and illustrated. They are Acrogenospora altissima, Bactrodesmium microleucurum, Canalisporium exiguum, Endophrag- miella ontariensis, Pestalotiopsis maculiformans and Spadicoides bambusicola. Some taxonomical and ecological information on these species is briefly noted. Key words : Coelomycetes, Hyphomycetes, mycobiota, saprophytic fungi, taxonomy. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 34(3), pp. 119–126, September 22, 2008