Jurnal Sosial Humaniora (JSH) 2020, Volume 13, Ed.2 ISSN Online: 2443-3527 ISSN Print: 1979-5521 151 - JSH Efficiency Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Education Sector Performance in East Java Using Data Envelopment Analysis Bahalwan Apriyansyah 1 , Syarifa Hanoum 2 , Prahardika Prihananto 3 , Siti Lailatul Mukaromah 4 1,2,3,4 Faculty of Creative Design and Digital Business, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111 1 bahalwan@its.ac.id 2 syarifa@mb.its.ac.id 3 prahardika@its.ac.id 4 lailamukaromah17@gmail.com Received: 11/11/2020. Reviewed: 16/12/2020. Published: 31/12/2020. Copyright ©2020 by the author (et al) and Jurnal Sosial Humaniora (JSH) *This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Subject Area : Education, Management Abstract Education has an important role in creating excellent human resources for the advancement of national development. However, in Indonesia, there are still gaps in equal access to education. This study aims to evaluate the performance efficiency of the education sector to provide recommendations of which considered inefficient by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This study measures the technical efficiency of primary and both secondary schools (junior and senior high School) in 38 regencies/cities in East Java Province for three academic years (2016-2019). The results showed that technical inefficiency still occurs in the implementation of education in East Java. In addition, peer groups and improvement targets were obtained for the inefficient regencies/cities. The indicators that most influence the efficiency value of the education sector in East Java are the Education Fund Allocation as the input variable and the School Continuing Rate as the output variable. The scale efficiency analysis shows that most of the education sector in East Java operates in decreasing returns to scale. Keywords: DEA; Efficiency; Regency/City; Elementary School; Junior High School; High School Introduction The progress of a country's development is largely determined by the quality of its human resources in managing it. Education is one of the key in building an excellent human resources. In 2018, Indonesian Human Capital Index in ranked 87 out of 157 countries, this shows that the contribution of Indonesian human resources is still low to the country's development (The World Bank, 2018). In the same year, the results of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) also show that Indonesian Students academic abilities are still far below the international average. Indonesia is still in the category of 10 countries with the lowest ranking of PISA (OECD, 2018). One of the efforts by the government to improve the quality of education in Indonesia is by allocating a large amount of funds, that is 20% of the State Budget to the education sector. However, this policy has yet to see an optimal impact, indicated by the value of the Net Participation Rate (NER) and the increase of the Human Development Index (HDI) which still is not evenly distributed in each province and regency/city in Indonesia (Kementerian Keuangan