e-ISSN 1983-0572 Creative Commons License v4.0 (CC-BY) Copyright © Author(s) Article Full Open Access © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Entomologistas do Brasil This article is published by Entomologistas do Brasil and licensed under Creative Commons Licence 4.0 (CC-BY) Host plants and distribution records of lance fies (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) in São Paulo State, Brazil Ester Marques de Sousa 1 , Léo Rodrigo Ferreira Louzeiro 1 , Pedro Carlos Strikis 2 , Miguel Francisco de Souza-Filho 1 & Adalton Raga 1 1. Laboratório de Entomologia Econômica, Instituto Biológico, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 2. Independent Researcher, Americana, SP, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 14: e942 (2021) he Lonchaeidae family (lance fies) comprises an important group of fruit fies. Several species are associated with the decomposition of organic matter of plant origin. However, some species are considered of economic importance because they attack fruits and fower buds (McAlpine & SteySkAl 1982). Species of the genera Neosilba and Dasiops are reported as primary invaders of certain fruit trees, obtaining pest status for some plant species of Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Sapotaceae and Passiforaceae (UchôA & nicácio 2010; RAgA et al. 2011; giSloti et al. 2017; AdAiMe et al. 2017). Some lance fy species are polyphagous, and few species are known to be monophagous or oligophagous (StRikiS 2011). In around the State of São Paulo, Brazil, the distribution, infestation rate and infestation period of fruit fies (Tephritoidea) vary due to diferent agroecossystems, climatic diversity, peculiar phytophysiognomy and, the origin of the fruit sample (rural or urban region) (RAgA et al. 2011). Regional research is crucial to provide basic information for the management of insect pest populations (UchôA et al. 2002). Therefore, it is important to examine historical and current research data on lance fies (Lonchaeidae), their distribution and host plants to help understanding the population dynamics of this insect group insects and developing management strategies. The frst reports of Lonchaeidae associated with fruits in São Paulo occurred when heMpel (1901) associated Lonchaea glaberrima Wiedemann [Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann)] with passion fruit Passifora sp. However, the main reports of association of lance fies with host fruits, occurred in the 1980s, when dozens of species of host fruits were listed for several Brazilian states, including São Paulo (MAlAvASi et al. 1980; MAlAvASi & MoRgAnte 1980). Here, after 30 years of random fruit collections in diferent regions of São Paulo, we compile the state records of lonchaeids, based on all available publications of plant hosts, monitoring, distribution, species descriptions, and unpublished records. The present study reinforces the biological diversity and the economic importance of Lonchaeidae species within superfamily Tephritoidea. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive search of available printed or digital publications on feld-collected lance fies was carried out from 1980 to 2020. This search period was considered the resumption of scientifc works on Lonchaeidae in São Paulo, after the taxon redefnition and description of many species. For each publication, we provide the complete references on lance fies and their geographical distribution. Each study was categorized into two insect collection categories: fruit or trapping. This approach was used to relate the Lonchaeidae species with plant hosts. Data from traps helping to create specifc maps. With the analysis of the data of all publications, a table of relation of lance fy/hosts and distribution maps were available. We removed duplicate records from abstracts, conference proceedings and thesis. In addition to the list of records based on early publications, we add unpublished data of Lonchaeids recovered from fruits and fower buds collected in the Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS Eighteen species of Lonchaeidae are known to São Paulo, doi: 10.12741/ebrasilis.v14.e942 Abstract. The knowledge of host plants, distribution and economic importance of Lonchaeidae is scarce in Latin America. We have recovered specimens of Lonchaeidae from most fruit samples containing specimens of Tephritidae. The compilation of information is essential to determine the diversity of species and the relationship with their hosts. In addition to the list of records based on early publications, we add unpublished data of Lonchaeids recovered from plant samples collected in the Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil. In total, 18 species of Lonchaeidae, belonging to the genera Dasiops, Lonchaea and Neosilba were registered in São Paulo, and associated with 111 host plant species and 27 botanical families. New records are listed and geographical distribution is available by specifc maps. Keywords: Insecta; Tephritoidea; Neosilba; Dasiops; fruit hosts. Edited by: Ricardo Adaime da Silva Article History: Received: 05.iii.2020 Accepted: 20.iv.2021 Published: 21.v.2021  Corresponding author: Adalton Raga  adalton.raga@sp.gov.br Funding agencies:  Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior General Entomology