Status of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) in Ghana
COLLINS ANDOH
1
, SAKSHI GUPTA
2
* and DEEPAK KHARE
1
1
Water Resources Department and Management Department, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India.
Abstract
Potable water accessibility is an important criteria for improving health
assessment of mankind. The demand for potable water in the world is growing
fast compared to the growth in population. The increasing water demand
globally has resulted into looking for alternative mechanism for water supply.
Globally, harvesting of rainwater is classified as one of the best interventions to
address water scarcity situations . In most of the developing countries including
Ghana, rural communities lack the accessibility to clean drinking water. This
paper presents rainwater harvesting as an alternative water supply system
that needs to be adopted by the people of Ghana and is based on literatures
associated with rainwater harvesting obtained from various studies both
locally and internationally. This paper has identified the affordability and user
ownership as the main factors influencing rainwater harvesting practices by
rural communities in Ghana. Poor roofing materials, inappropriate harvesting
facilities, housing occupancy, inaccurate land boundaries, quality of water and
uneven rainfall pattern have been outlined as the constraining bottlenecks to
this practice. Measures to curtail have been discussed as well. Moreover, a
simple affordable rapid sand filter needs to be evolved and incorporated into
the system in Ghana.
Current World Environment
Journal Website: www.cwejournal.org
ISSN: 0973-4929, Vol. 13, No. (1) 2018, Pg. 172-179
CONTACT Sakshi Gupta sakshilibran@gmail.com Department of Civil Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India.
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers
This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted NonCommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.13.1.17
Article History
Received: 04 September
2017
Accepted: 19 March 2018
Keywords
Rainwater harvesting
(RWH),
Rural water supply,
Water demand,
Potable water,
Water scarcity,
Ghana.
Introduction
Undeniably, all water resources be it a surface water
source or groundwater, originates from rainfall and
constitute the main sources of water for domestic,
industrial and agricultural usage. Water scarcity
and pollution problems have generated public
discussions and concerns by both policy makers and
researchers. This has led to several studies on the
quality of groundwater and surface water in Ghana
using conventional methods
1
.Projections from United
Nations, 2014, reveals that about 1.8 billion people
of the world's population would be facing water
availability problems by 2025. Increasing growth
of populations, industrialization, intense irrigation
coupled with global climate change is putting much
pressure on available sources of water
2
.