Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(2): 145-148, 2012
ISSN: 2041-3890
© Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012
Submitted: January 19, 2012 Accepted: February 17, 2012 Published: March 26, 2012
Corresponding Author: Móslem Sami, Agricultural Mechanization Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Shahid
Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
145
Design, Development and Evaluation of a Digital Tractor Dynamometer
1
Mohammad Reza Havasi,
1
Mohammad Javad Shiekhdavoodi,
2
Navid Alaei Shini and
1
Móslem Sami
1
Agricultural Mechanization Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran
University, Ahwaz, Iran
2
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University,
Ahwaz, Iran
Abstract: In this study, to measure drawbar pull of agricultural tractors, a digital dynamometer was designed,
developed and evaluated based on AT89C52 microcontroller. The microcontroller was programmed using
assembly language. The inputs of microcontroller supplied from a kind of S shape electronic loadcell that has
4 resistant strain gauges with Wheatstone Bridge configuration. The amplifier AD524 and an analogue to digital
converter ADC0804 were used in electronic parts of the set. During dynamometer calibration the correlation
coefficient (R
2
) between force and output voltage was 0.99. Ultimately, the laboratory tests and evaluation were
performed and the correct performance of set was proved.
Key words: Drawbar pull, loadcell, microcontroller, tractor
INTRODUCTION
Farm Machinery Testing and Evaluating Centers
must be equipped to precise tools to measure and evaluate
performance parameters so that by accurate data, they can
provide a realistic analysis from a special machine
function. Due to more accuracy, also convenient
utilization of digital measuring systems in comparison to
mechanical systems, use of this type of systems to outfit
tractors and measure the technical parameters is growing.
Study and research works related to tractors traction
assessment need accurate strain force measurement.
Precise measurement of strain force is impressive in the
calculation of functional parameters of drawbar power,
such as specific fuel consumption and drawbar tractive
efficiency. For accurate measurement of drawbar power,
researchers have used different methods.
Safari et al. (1999) designed and developed a kind of
hydraulic drawbar dynamometer with the capacity 20 kN
that its components included: the main cylinder, the
secondary cylinder, pressure gauge, needle valve,
connector hose, electronic pressure sensor and booster
system. The dynamometer was calibrated using a standard
strain-testing machine with the capacity of 600 kN. Their
results showed that in all replication the coefficient of
correlation, R
2
, for the relationship between electronic
pulses read from display screen and strain force was equal
to 0.99. During the test, the measurement accuracy was
1%. A drawbar dynamometer was also designed and built
by Zarif Neshat and Ranjbar (2004). The dynamometer
was able to measure drawbar power of most agricultural
implements in category I and II. The dynamometer was
formed from both mechanical and electronic parts and
able to measure pull and pressure load entered to tractors
and agricultural implements. Mechanical part included the
main body of loadcell, sub-components of the main body,
reactionary segment, ball bearings and other
appurtenances, and electronic part included loadcell, the
Wheatstone Bridge circuit, data collection mechanism and
the mechanism of the data analysis. Designed device was
evaluated after laboratory calibration. Test and evaluation
results showed that in all replication between the applied
force to the dynamometer and output voltage existed a
linear relationship with coefficient of correlation R
2
=
0.99. In another study, Turner (1993) made a typical
hydraulic forcmeter that only able to measure draft of
single hitch point implements. This force transducer was
not affected by lateral force or moment and support
overload up to 40%. Kheiralla and Yahya (2001) used a
draft transducer in which Proof Rings were used as a
strain sensor to measure drawbar power. Sensitivity of
tractor draft transducer was about 13.6 mV per kN and
maximum strain load in the set measuring range was 50
kN. Khan et al. (2006) developed a digital dynamometer
to measure tractor draft. They exerted sensitivity, linearity
hysteresis and repeatability tests on the designed device.
The dynamometer was able to measure vertical and
horizontal tension forces up to 10 and 20 kN, respectively.
In another related study, Khan et al. (2007) designed a
loadcell with an octagonal structure to test the