Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physiology & Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/physbeh A one-year resistance training program following weight loss has no significant impact on body composition and energy expenditure in postmenopausal women living with overweight and obesity Luzia Jaeger Hintze a , Virginie Messier b , Marie-Ève Lavoie b , Martin Brochu c,d , Jean-Marc Lavoie e , Denis Prud'homme a,f , Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret b,g,h,i , Éric Doucet a, ⁎ a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada b Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Canada c Faculty of physical activity sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada d Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University institute of geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada e Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada f Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Canada g Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada h Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada i Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Canada ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Resistance training Weight loss maintenance Obesity Postmenopausal women ABSTRACT Resistance training (RT) has been shown to decrease fat mass (FM), and increase fat-free mass (FFM), which can be a useful for weight loss maintenance. Objective: To examine the effects of a 1-year RT intervention on weight loss maintenance following a 6-month dietary weight loss intervention. Design: Following a 6-month dietary weight loss intervention (-6% ± 5.8; 5.05 kg ± 4.45), 70 post- menopausal women living with overweight or obesity were randomized to a control group (n = 34) or a RT group (n = 36) (3×/week first 6 months, 2×/week last 6 months, 70–80% of 1-repetition maximum). Body composition (DXA), abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (CT scan), resting energy expenditure (EE) (indirect calorimetry), physical activity EE and total daily EE were measured (doubly-labelled water). Results: A total of 54 participants completed the study (control group n = 29; RT group n = 25) and compliance to the RT program was on average 64%. Significant regains were noted for body weight 0.98 (3.71) kg vs. 1.33 (3.94) kg and FM regain 1.32 (2.69) kg vs. 0.81 (3.26) kg in control and RT groups after the 1-year weight maintenance phase. No group differences were noted. Resting EE and total daily EE did not change after the weight maintenance phase, and no differences were observed between groups. Both groups had significantly greater than predicted decrease in resting EE after the 6-month dietary intervention and at the end of the 1-year weight-loss maintenance phase. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a 1-year RT intervention following a 6-month dietary weight loss inter- vention does not improve weight loss maintenance, body composition or EE in post-menopausal women living with overweight or obesity. 1. Introduction Dieting is the most common approach employed for losing weight in individuals living with obesity [1]. Restricting intake leads to weight loss in the short term however, it induces relatively poor long-term success rate for weight reduction [2,3]. In fact, data from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey have shown that only 18% of individuals who attempted to lose weight were able to maintain the weight loss over a period of 1-year [4]. The high rate of recidivism can be partially explained by the ex- istence of central and peripheral adaptations that promote increased appetite and suppressed energy expenditure (EE), which collectively https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.014 Received 29 September 2017; Received in revised form 16 February 2018; Accepted 12 March 2018 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: edoucet@uottawa.ca (É. Doucet). Physiology & Behavior 189 (2018) 99–106 Available online 13 March 2018 0031-9384/ © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. T