Optimation of auxin and cytokinin on enhanced quality and weight of Coffea liberica somatic embryos PELITA PERKEBUNAN, Volume 37, Number 1, April 2021 Edition 1 Pelita Perkebunan 37 (1) 2021, 1—12 Optimation of Auxin and Cytokinin on Enhanced Quality and Weight of Coffea liberica Somatic Embryos Fitria Ardiyani 1,2 * ) , Edy Setiti Wida Utami 2) , and Hery Purnobasuki 2) 1) Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jl. PB Sudirman 90, Jember, Indonesia 2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya, Indonesia *) Corresponding author: ardiyani.fitria@gmail.com Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 Abstract Coffea liberica is a variety of coffee that tolerant to marginal land, especially peatlands. One of propagation methods in C. liberica is somatic embryogenesis (SE) which producing large number of true-to-type plant seedlings in a short time. This research aimed at studying the effect of application of plant growth regulator (PGR) on quality and weight of somatic embryo of C. liberica. Somatic embryo in develop- ment stage was induced by Murashige and Skoog medium containing cytokinin as benzyl amino purin (BAP) and auxin as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). While cotyledonary embryo in germination stage was induced by Murashige and Skoog medium containing cytokinin (BAP) and auxins as 2,4-D, indole acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The results showed that the application of auxins and cytokinins on development stage affected the formation of embryos, texture of calli, color of calli and embryos, and weight of somatic embryos. It also influenced the shoot and root formation, color and weight of germinating embryos of C. liberica at the germinating stage. During the development stage, addition of 1 mg.L -1 BAP in the absence of 2,4-D in MS medium produced the highest quality of somatic embryo of C. liberica. This medium also produced heaviest somatic embryos but with lighter callus. While in germination stage, all medium treatments produced a typical germinating embryo. Coffea liberica germinating embryo grew optimally on MS medium containing 0.5 mg.L -1 BAP as a single chemical or 0.5 mg.L -1 BAP in combination with 0.5 mg.L -1 IAA for shooting development. Whereas on rooting development, addition of 0.5 mg.L -1 NAA on MS medium produced an optimal germi- nating embryo. Moreover, germinating embryo of C. liberica recorded the highest in terms of dry weight on MS media with addition of 0.5 mg.L -1 BAP. Application of appropriate concentration of auxin and cytokinin is needed to support the forma- tion of somatic embryos and germinating embryos. Keywords: callus, somatic embryo, quality, weight, Coffea liberica ISSN: 0215-0212 / e-ISSN: 2406-9574 INTRODUCTION Coffee is one of the commercial commodi- ties in Indonesia that has great economic value in the global trading. In addition to C. arabica and C. canephora, there are two minor species that prominent in the trade of coffee beans and the cultivation, such as C. liberica and C. dewevrei (Sridevi & Giridhar, 2014). Coffea liberica var. liberica and C. liberica var. dewevrei are highly resistant to rust infections with good yield, require optimum temperature and light for cultivation (Lopes & Monaco, 1979). Its level of caffeine is about 1.2% (Ashihara & Crozier, 2001). Coffea liberica is cultivated for a special taste, DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i1.460