0023-1584/04/4506- © 2004 MAIK “Nauka /Interperiodica” 0809
Kinetics and Catalysis, Vol. 45, No. 6, 2004, pp. 809–812. Translated from Kinetika i Kataliz, Vol. 45, No. 6, 2004, pp. 859–862.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Grabovskiy, Antipin, Kabal’nova.
INTRODUCTION
Dioxiranes, which are highly reactive three-mem-
bered cyclic peroxides, can hydroxylate the C–H bonds
of aliphatic hydrocarbons under mild conditions. Oxi-
dation with the participation of dioxiranes occurs with
high regioselectivity. Studies on the mechanism of oxi-
dation by dioxiranes are of continuous interest.
Several opinions on the mechanism of dioxirane
reactions with alkanes have formed to date: the “inser-
tion” of an oxygen atom [1–3], the homolysis of diox-
irane at the O–O bond followed by hydrogen abstrac-
tion from the substrate by the resulting biradical or the
homolysis of dioxirane by the alkane molecule [4, 5],
the simultaneous occurrence of the above mechanisms
[6], and the parallel occurrence of two reactions
(through the same [7] or different transition states). One
of these reactions results in molecular products,
whereas the other produces a radical pair in a solvent
cage [7–9]. Data on the oxidation of compounds con-
taining cyclopropane fragments, which can undergo
isomerization with high rate constants with the forma-
tion of radicals at the β-position with respect to the
cyclopropane ring [1, 10], demonstrated the domina-
tion of the “insertion” reaction. However, note that the
direction of the reaction depends on the structure of the
substrate oxidized and the conclusions made are true
only for the test compounds. The extension of the
mechanism found for these specific alkanes to other
substrates is somewhat premature.
The kinetics and the products of adamantane oxida-
tion by dioxirane were studied in the most detail [11,
12]. It was concluded that the reaction occurs via the
insertion mechanism.
In this work, we found that adamantane oxidation
by dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) occurs with the partici-
pation of free radicals.
EXPERIMENTAL
Acetone (analytical grade) and tetrachloromethane
(high-purity grade) were subjected to a single distilla-
tion in an efficient column. Oxone (2KHSO
5
· KHSO
4
·
K
2
SO
4
) from Aldrich
®
was used without additional
purification. DMDO was synthesized using a published
procedure [13]. DMDO was extracted into CCl
4
in
accordance with a previously developed procedure [14]
(the residual amount of acetone was ~0.1 mol/l). The
concentration of DMDO in CCl
4
was varied over the
range 0.03–0.15 mol/l. Adamantane from Aldrich
®
was
twice sublimed.
The kinetics of the reaction of DMDO with adaman-
tane in CCl
4
were measured by spectrophotometry at
λ = 335 nm (ε
max
= 14 l mol
–1
cm
–1
) over the tempera-
ture range 10.3–69.3°C. The reactor was a thermostat-
ted quartz cell (of volume 1.1 ml; l = 0.5 cm) with a
ground-glass stopper. Oxygen was passed through the
reaction mixture for ~1.5 min before the beginning of
an experiment; next, the cell was closed with the stop-
per. The concentration of O
2
in the CCl
4
–hydrocarbon
binary system was calculated from published data [15].
The initial concentration of adamantane was varied
over the range 0.15–0.9 mol/l.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
We studied the kinetics and the products of the reac-
tion of adamantane (AdH) with DMDO. The reaction
products and their proportions (table) are analogous to
data obtained previously in the oxidation of adaman-
tane by DMDO in acetone [12] with the exception of
The Role of Free Radicals in the Reaction
of Dimethyldioxirane with Adamantane
S. A. Grabovskiy, A. V. Antipin, and N. N. Kabal’nova
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054 Bashkortostan, Russia
Received August 22, 2003
Abstract—The products and the kinetics of the reaction of dimethyldioxirane with adamantane in CCl
4
were
studied. It was found that the reaction simultaneously occurred via molecular and radical paths. The contribu-
tion of the radical process was 65% at 30.6°C. The activation parameters of the reaction of dimethyldioxirane
with adamantane in the presence of an inhibitor were determined: = (7.33 ± 0.14)–(58.5 ± 0.8)/Θ,
Θ = 2.3RT(kJ/mol) (10.3–69.3°C).
k log
PEROXIDES-XI