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2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1
www.MaterialsViews.com
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Nayool Shin, Jihoon Kang, Lee J. Richter, Vivek M. Prabhu, R. Joseph Kline,
Daniel A. Fischer, Dean M. DeLongchamp,* Michael F. Toney, Sushil K. Satija,
David J. Gundlach, Balaji Purushothaman, John E. Anthony, and Do Y. Yoon*
Vertically Segregated Structure and Properties of Small
Molecule–Polymer Blend Semiconductors for Organic
Thin-Film Transistors
1. Introduction
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have
recently emerged as a promising low-cost
technology for manufacturing flexible,
large-area electronics because they provide
high field-effect mobility together with the
desired solution processability. Recent
advances in the molecular design and
synthesis of small molecule organic semi-
conductors have achieved materials with
field-effect charge mobilities equal to or
exceeding that of amorphous silicon.
[1–3]
Among small molecule semiconductors,
the highest mobilities have typically been
demonstrated with single crystals, where
the structural defects are minimized.
[4,5]
Although the electrical performance of
single crystal organic semiconductors is
excellent, the large-scale fabrication of
device circuitry employing single crystals
faces enormous processing challenges
due to the difficulties of growing uni-
form crystals and positioning them in a
regular manner across a large number of
devices.
[4]
Therefore, current strategies for fabricating large-area
organic electronics are focused on solution processing, such as
inkjet printing, to achieve thin semiconducting films with high
crystallinity and controlled crystal size and orientation.
While solution-coating processes of polymer semiconductors
readily result in satisfactory thin films, it is far more challenging
to prepare thin uniform films by solution coating of small mol-
ecule semiconductors, due to the low viscosity and poor wet-
ting.
[6]
A promising new approach to improve the solution
processability of small molecule semiconductors is the addi-
tion of an insulating binder polymer as a thickening and wet-
ting agent.
[7–9]
This approach has been shown to result in blend
films that do not sacrifice the inherent excellent charge mobility
of small-molecule semiconductors.
[10–13]
In blend films, the seg-
regation of the semiconducting small molecules to the gate-die-
lectric interface is critical to device performance,
[14,15]
since the
charge transport occurs within a very narrow ( <10 nm) region
adjacent to the dielectric layer; preferential segregation of the
insulating binder polymer to the gate dielectric would greatly
A comprehensive structure and performance study of thin blend films of
the small-molecule semiconductor, 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)
anthradithiophene (diF-TESADT), with various insulating binder polymers
in organic thin-film transistors is reported. The vertically segregated com-
position profile and nanostructure in the blend films are characterized by
a combination of complementary experimental methods including grazing
incidence X-ray diffraction, neutron reflectivity, variable angle spectroscopic
ellipsometry, and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy.
Three polymer binders are considered: atactic poly( α α-methylstyrene),
atactic poly(methylmethacrylate), and syndiotactic polystyrene. The choice
of polymer can strongly affect the vertical composition profile and the
extent of crystalline order in blend films due to the competing effects
of confinement entropy, interaction energy with substrate surfaces, and
solidification kinetics. The variations in the vertically segregated composi-
tion profile and crystalline order in thin blend films explain the significant
impacts of binder polymer choice on the charge carrier mobility of these
films in the solution-processed bottom-gate/bottom-contact thin-film
transistors.
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201201389
Dr. N. Shin, Dr. J. Kang, Prof. D. Y. Yoon
Department of Chemistry
Seoul National University
Seoul, 151-747, Korea
E-mail: dyyoon@snu.ac.kr
Dr. L. J. Richter, Dr. V. M. Prabhu, Dr. R. J. Kline,
Dr. D. A. Fischer, Dr. D. M. DeLongchamp, Dr. S. K. Satija,
Dr. D. J. Gundlach
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
E-mail: dean.delongchamp@nist.gov
Dr. M. F. Toney
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
Melon Park, CA 94025, USA
Dr. B. Purushothaman, Prof. J. E. Anthony
Department of Chemistry
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 40506, USA
Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012,
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201201389