Impact of PeaceBuilders Violence Prevention Approach on Self-Reported Bullying Perpetration with Elementary School-Age Girls Alexander Vazsonyi, Gregg Powell, Faith Lamb-Parker, Nicole J. Ives, Daniel J. Flannery, and Dennis Embry Bullying happens often among children and youth in the United States and has been the subject of many recent news stories. Rates of bullying vary substantially across countries, with total rates ranging from 9% to 54% of youth. While boys still appear twice as likely to be bullies than girls, the gap appears to have narrowed in recent years and a significant amount of popular news has been given to the subject. It has been reported that the significant gender differences at the primary school level disappear at the high school level, leaving boys’ and girls’ levels of bullying about the same. The differences in bullying found by researchers may be a function of the type of bullying studied and the assessment methods used. Bullying has public-health consequences far beyond schoolyard squabbles. Being a bully, victim, or bully/victim is associated with elevated risk for a variety adverse outcomes with public-health or public-safety consequences: depression, hyperactivity or future aggression, psycho-somatic complaints, increases in tobacco, alcohol and drug use, weapons carrying, and persistent antisocial behaviors. While bullying or victimization may not immediately cause diagnosable symptoms, such symptoms do appear to emerge over time. Utilization of mental-health and physical health resources are common consequences of peer victimizations. One of the most extreme and serious—but rare— consequences of perceived persistent bullying victimization is commission of mass murder by adolescents. Many of the adolescents who killed three or more victims at the same time had histories of persistent bullying. Just as violence in girls has received increased attention, so has bullying in girls. However, articles on bullying address bullying in girls in their discussions of gender differences, not as an object of exploration in its own right. To date, there are few studies that focus on girls’ bullying and those that do focus on victimization. Recent research suggests that male and female bullies and victims share some similar characteristics and this is true both for in-school and out-of-school behavior. Some violence prevention programs, not explicitly designed to prevent bullying, might be predicted to reduce peer bullying perpetration or victimization as well as other violence. PeaceBuilders is one such theory-driven, evidence-based strategy. PeaceBuilders creates an environment where people of all ages and backgrounds see, hear, feel, and do actions