~ 1596 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(1): 1596-1599
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2019; 7(1): 1596-1599
© 2019 JEZS
Received: 26-11-2018
Accepted: 30-12-2018
SK Singh
Organic Farming Research
Centre, SKUAST-J, Chatha,
Jammu and Kashmir, India
Vishaw Vikas
Research Scholar, Division of
Soil Science & Ag. Chemistry,
SKUAST-J, Chatha, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Reena
ACRA, SKUAST-J, Dhiansar,
Jammu & Kashmir, India
Satesh Kumar
Organic Farming Research
Centre, SKUAST-J, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
N Panotra
Organic Farming Research
Centre, SKUAST-J, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Amitesh Sharma
Organic Farming Research
Centre, SKUAST-J, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Correspondence
Reena
ACRA, SKUAST-J, Dhiansar,
Jammu & Kashmir, India
Relative efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis against
Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Okra grown under
differential organic manure application
SK Singh, Vishaw Vikas, Reena, Satesh Kumar, N Panotra and Amitesh
Sharma
Abstract
Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus have an important place among kharif vegetable crops grown in all the
states of India and has appreciable nutritional and economic value. This crop is used as boiled vegetable
and is rich in minerals and vitamins. Field experiment on the influence of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
(Dipel 8L) against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) in okra managed through organic treatments was conducted
during Kharif 2016 and 2017 at the Organic Farming Research Centre, OFRC, SKUAST-J, Chatha..
Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.) is the most commonly used bio-pesticide globally. A field
experiment was conducted using ten organic nutrient treatments in variety Jammu Okra -05 (Seli Special)
during Kharif 2016 and repeated in Kharif 2017 at Organic Farming Research Centre, Chatha, SKUAST-
J. B.t.k. was applied at the rate of 1.0 L/ha sprayed at 15 days interval. The relative efficacy of bio-
pesticide, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki @ 2g/L was evaluated against S. litura at different days viz. 3
rd
,
5
th
and 7
th
days after spray, in ten different organic manure applications with Farm Yard Manure (FYM),
Vermi-compost (VC), Poultry Manure (PM) and Neem Cake (NC) alone, as well as their different
combinations. Results revealed that maximum reduction of larval population was recorded in the okra
crop grown on 12 kg Farm Yard Manure + 1.75 kg Poultry Manure, followed by FYM + Neem Cake.
Keywords: Bacillus thrunigenesis, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Abelmoschus esculentus, organic nutrient
management
Introduction
Plants supplied with nutrients from organic sources, biological materials have been reported to
be more resistant to insects as compared to those grown with chemical fertilizers
[1]
. Workers
are also of the view that pest outbreaks are likely to be reduced with organic farming practices,
because of the establishment and maintenance of healthy soils in such fields
[2. 3]
. Recent
researches have proved the plants resistance to insect-pest and diseases is related to the
biological, physical and chemical properties of the soil
[4, 5]
. Signalling between soil and plants
have also been reported to be mediated by soil organic matter, which may help in pest
management
[6, 7, 8]
.
Farming practices that results in nutritional imbalances in plants have been reported to lower
pest resistance
[9]
. Soil nutrient availability besides affecting the amount of plant damage from
herbivores, also affects the plant ability to recover from such damage
[10]
. Soil fertility status
also impacts the physiological susceptibility of crop plants to insect-pest either by affecting the
individual plant resistance to hervibores attack or by altering plant acceptability to them.
Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus have an important place among kharif vegetable crops grown in
all the states of India and has appreciable nutritional and economic value. Okra is used as a
boiled vegetable; it is rich in minerals and vitamins. Okra is principally infested with okra fruit
and shoot borer (Earias vitella and Earias insulana) Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura,
jassids, whiteflies, etc. Spodoptera litura is becoming serious presently on several important
crop plants including okra. The larva of S. litura is hairless, variable in colour (young larvae
are light green, the later in stars are dark green to brown on their backs, lighter underneath);
sides of body with dark and light longitudinal bands; dorsal side with two dark semi-lunar
spots laterally on each segment, except for the prothorax; spots on the first and eighth
abdominal segments larger than others, interrupting the lateral lines on the first segment.
Though the markings are variable, a bright-yellow stripe along the length of the dorsal surface