~ 388 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2021; 10(3): 388-390 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 TPI 2021; 10(3): 388-390 © 2021 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 25-12-2020 Accepted: 09-02-2021 Meenu Manohar M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, CVAS, Mannuthy, KVASU, Kerala, India Justin Davis K Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, CVAS, Mannuthy, KVASU, Kerala, India K Vijayakumar Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, CVAS, Mannuthy, KVASU, Kerala, India Vinod Kumar K Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, CVAS, Mannuthy, KVASU, Kerala, India Sindhu K Rajan Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, CVAS, Mannuthy, KVASU, Kerala, India Corresponding Author: Meenu Manohar M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, CVAS, Mannuthy, KVASU, Kerala, India Haemato-biochemical alterations in caprine theileriosis Meenu Manohar, Justin Davis K, K Vijayakumar, Vinod Kumar K and Sindhu K Rajan DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i3f.5801 Abstract Theileriosis is an important haemoparasitic disease of goats which causes serious economic losses to farmers. There is a paucity of information on the clinico-haemato-biochemical aspects of caprine theileriosis in Kerala. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the haemato-biochemical alterations associated with clinical cases of caprine theileriosis in twenty five smear positive goats in Thrissur district, Kerala. Major clinical signs observed were anaemia, fever, lymphnode enlargement, anorexia, respiratory distress. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia with low Hb, Volume of Packed Red Cells (VPRC), platelet, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) and hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia in the affected goats. Keywords: Theileriosis, macrocytic hypochromic anaemia, hyperproteinemaia, hyperglobulinaemia 1. Introduction Theileriosis is an economically important tick-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants in the tropics and subtropics. They are transmitted by ixodid ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Small ruminants play a pivotal role in sustaining the economic status of an agriculture nation like India. Tick and tick-borne diseases are now considered as the major threat to the animal production sector. Among the tick-borne diseases in goats theileriosis is the major aetiology of anaemia and decrease in productivity while considering the Kerala scenario. Extensive studies and information regarding bovine theileriosis are already available from all over the country including Kerala. Even though there exists a paucity of information on detailed clinical and haemato-biochemical alterations associated with the theileriosis in goats. Among the Theileria spp. that affect small ruminants such as sheep and goats, T. uilenbergi, T. lestoquardi, and T. luwenshuni are considered as highly pathogenic (Uilenberg, 1981 and Yin et al., 2007) [16, 18] . Nonpathogenic or mildly pathogenic species are T. separata, T. ovis, and T. recondita (Alani and Herbert, 1988) [1] . The acute cases of theileriosis are manifested by fever, lymphnode enlargement, anaemia and high mortality rate. Prevalence of Theileria spp. in goats were reported from different regions of India including Kerala till recently, but detailed studies on clinico-therapeutic and haemato-biochemical changes associated with the disease was not yet revealed. Hence in the light of increase in number of caprine theileriosis being reported from Thrissur district, the present study was undertaken to findout the haemato-biochemical alterations associated with theileriosis in goats. 2. Materials and methods The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy during the period from June 2019 to December 2020. Occurrence of caprine theileriosis and haemato-biochemical changes associated with theileriosis was studied among goats presented to Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai, Veterinary hospitals under Animal Husbandry Department and also those belonging to organized farms and house-holds in and around Thrissur district. One hundred goats which had shown predominant clinical signs suggestive of theileriosis like anaemia, fever, lymphadenopathy, cough and nasal discharge were screened for theileriosis. Detailed clinical examination of the animals was done. Anamnesis and signalment were recorded for all the animals. Peripheral blood smear examination was done to identify the goats positive for theileriosis. Thin blood smears were prepared on glass slides using a drop of blood collected from ear vein and air dried. The blood smears were stained with Field’s staining method.