|| ISSN(online): 2589-8698 || ISSN(print): 2589-868X || International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies Available Online at www.ijmbs.info PubMed (National Library of Medicine ID: 101738825) Index Copernicus Value 2017: 40.03 Volume 3, Issue 3; March: 2019; Page No. 31-34 31 | Page ACCIDENTAL INTRA-ORAL INJECTION OF XYLENE INSTEAD OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT IN ENDODONTIC RETREATMENT Sonu Acharya 1 , Dipmalla Sahoo 1 , Faizan Qamar 1 , Sarjana Mishra 1 , Ankita Sinha 1 1 Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha Article Info: Received 10 January 2019; Accepted 26 February. 2019 Cite this article as: Acharya, S., Sahoo, D., Qamar, F., Mishra, S., & Sinha, A. (2019). ACCIDENTAL INTRA-ORAL INJECTION OF XYLENE INSTEAD OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT IN ENDODONTIC RETREATMENT. International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 3(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i1.140 Address for Correspondence: Prof.(Dr.)Sonu Acharya, HIG-48, Phase 1,7 acres, Housing Board, colony, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751016 Conflict of interest: No conflict of interest. Abstract There have been quite a few case reports of organic solvents accidentally being injected into the oral cavity during dental procedures. These solvents, which should be used with caution mostly, are clear liquids which get confused with local anesthetic solutions when not kept in proper container and thus accidents happen. There have been reports of sodium hypochlorite, chloroform being pushed as local anesthetic solution in the oral cavity. In a first of its kind report, here we discuss the accidental intra- oral injection of xylene being used for guttapercha solvent instead of local anesthetic agent and its management. Keywords: Accidental, injection, oral, solvent, Xylene Introduction: Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon known for its wide usage in tissue processing, staining and cover slipping in the histology laboratory. It is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid or gas occurring naturally in petroleum, coal and wood tar, and is so named because it is found in crude wood spirit (Gr. xy`lon- wood). 1 It has a chemical formula of C6 H4 (CH 3)2 and is referred to as "dimethyl benzene" because it consists of a six- carbon ring to which two methyl groups are bound. It exists in three isomeric forms: ortho-, meta- and para-xylene. 2 In dentistry, xylene is used in histological laboratories for tissue processing, staining and cover slipping and also in endodontic retreatment as a guttapercha solvent. Its high solvency factor allows maximum displacement of alcohol and renders the tissue transparent, enhancing paraffin infiltration. In staining procedures, its excellent dewaxing and clearing capabilities contribute to brilliantly stained slides. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limits for xylene at 100 ppm as a TWA for up to a 10-h work shift and a 40-h work week and 200 ppm for 10 min as a short-term limit. 2,3 There has been massive growth in endodontic treatment in recent years. This increase in clinical activity can be attributable to better-trained dentists and specialists alike. Necessary for this unfolding story is the general public's growing selection for root canal treatment as an alternative to the extraction. Inspite of the use of technological advances and eqipment, there remains a chance for endodontic failure.. Root