1 Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Proceedings of the17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering
ICONE-17
July 12-16, 2009, Brussels, Belgium
ICONE17-75099
ANALYSIS OF THE QUENCH-14 BUNDLE TEST WITH M5
®
CLADDING
Jonathan C. Birchley, Bernd Jaeckel,
Timothy J. Haste
Paul Scherrer Institut,
CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
Martin Steinbrueck, Juri Stuckert
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Correspondence to J. Birchley: TEL +41 56 310 2724, FAX +41 56 310 2199;
E-mail jonathan.birchley@psi.ch
ABSTRACT
The QUENCH experimental programme at
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) investigates phenomena
associated with reflood of a degrading core under postulated
severe accident conditions, but where the geometry is still
mainly rod-like and degradation is still at an early phase. The
QUENCH test bundle is electrically heated and consists of 21
fuel rod simulators with a total length of approximately 2.5 m.
The cladding and grid spacers are identical to those used in
Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) whereas the fuel is
represented by ZrO
2
pellets.
Experiment QUENCH-14 was successfully performed at
FZK in July 2008 and is the first in this programme where Zr-
Nb alloy M5
®
is used as the fuel rod simulator cladding.
QUENCH-14 was otherwise essentially the same as experiment
QUENCH-06, which was the subject of the CSNI ISP-45
exercise. It is also the first of three experiments in the
QUENCH-ACM series, recently launched to examine the effect
of advanced cladding materials on oxidation and quenching
under otherwise similar conditions.
Pre- and post-test analyses were performed at PSI using a
local version of SCDAP/RELAP5 and MELCOR 1.8.6, using
input models which had already been benchmarked against
QUENCH-06 data. Preliminary pre-test calculations with both
codes and alternative correlations for the oxidation kinetics
indicated that the planned test protocol would achieve the
desired objective of exhibiting whatever effects might arise
from the change in cladding-material in the course of a transient
similar to QUENCH-06. Several correlations were implemented
in the models, namely Cathcart-Pawel, Urbanic-Heidrick,
Leistikow-Schanz and Prater-Courtright for Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4),
and additionally a new candidate correlation for M5
®
based on
recent separate-effects tests performed at FZK on M5
®
cladding
samples. Analyses of the QUENCH-14 data demonstrate
strengths and limitations of the various models. Some tentative
recommendations are made concerning choice of correlation
and effect of cladding material.
1. INTRODUCTION
The QUENCH programme is being performed at the
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Germany (FZK) to investigate
the effectiveness of water injection as a means of reflooding and
quenching a core, following a beyond-design-basis accident
with temperatures above 2000 K and possibly some early phase
degradation. Among the topics of concern is the hydrogen
generation due to contact between the overheated cladding and
the flowing steam. Fourteen experiments have been carried out
under a range of flooding/cooling conditions and bundle
configurations, thus creating a strong database for model
development and code improvement in the field of severe
accident simulation [1]. One of the ultimate goals of QUENCH
is to identify the limits (temperature, injection rate etc.) for
which successful reflood and quench can be achieved.
Almost all the experiments to date were performed with
Zry-4 as the cladding material. Other cladding materials based
on zirconium-niobium alloys are being increasingly adopted for
PWR fuel, by virtue of their improved resistance to corrosion
during operation, for example M5
®
by AREVA and Zirlo
®
by
Westinghouse. In contrast to the extensive database available
for Zry-4 oxidation, data for the more recently adopted cladding
materials are comparatively scarce. For that reason FZK has
recently launched the QUENCH-ACM series [2] in order to
investigate the impact of alternative claddings on high-
temperature reflood and quench. In parallel FZK is also