Journal of Management Info Vol.1, No.3 (2014) 1-9
Copyright © 2018 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
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1
Journal of Management Info (JMI)
ISSN:2313-3376
www.readersinsight.net/jmi
Service quality in higher education: Study of Turkish students in
Malaysian universities
Amran Rasli*
1
, Mansoor Nazir Bhatti
2
, Nadhirah Norhalim
3
, Tan Owee Kowang
4
1,2,3,4
Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
* Corresponding author: amrasli@gamil.com
Abstract
The Article attempts to analyze service quality in higher education institutions of Malaysia. Study
used Gap Model presented by Parasuraman et al. (1985, 1988) to identify difference between
expected quality and perceived quality in higher education institutions of Malaysia. Study focused to
identify gaps of Turkish students in Malaysian universities Five basic dimensions of service quality
measured through SERVQUAL (Instrument for service quality measurement). These dimensions are
tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. A stratified sample of 41 Turkish
students has been selected from top five public universities in Malaysia. Results showed negative
service quality gap in higher education institutions of Malaysia from Turkish students’ perception
which indicated perceived service quality is below than expectations of Turkish students in Malaysian
universities.
ARTICLE INFORMATION
Received: 25 March 2014
Revised: 25 July 2014
Accepted: 25 August 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v3i1.9
Keywords: Service Quality, Gap Model, Instrument, Perception, Expectation, Tangibles, Reliability,
Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy.
© Readers Insight Publication
Introduction
According to UNESCO (2009) and Naidoo (2009), the numbers
of students who are studying abroad in the past decades have been
growing from 150,000 to 2.8 million since 1955 to 2007. This
phenomenon can be seen as an emerging perspective of
internationalization or “massification” of education to increase the
higher institution’s influence, visibility, and/or market share at the
international level (Gibbons, 1998; Denman, 2005) which inevitably
opened up many options for students to study abroad (Markovic,
2005).
This phenomenon is also impacting Turkish students. According to
Edufairs (2013) Turkish students have a tendency to study abroad in
order to improve their English and Foreign language skills as well as
the lack of space in domestic universities. In addition, the expensive
tuition fees in private Turkish universities (up to 25,000 USD per
year) and poor foreign language preparation in domestic schools mean
that Turkish students are inadequately prepared for an international
job market after graduation. It is a common perception that education
acquired abroad is prestigious thus giving students an edge over their
fellow colleagues in the domestic job market (Leggott and Stapleford,
2007) and can ensure a better starting position and salary when
applying for jobs at home. Finally, for some Turkish students, like
other international students as well, studying abroad can give valuable
life experience and expand their worldview. Malaysia, as a
developing country in South East Asia, is equally affected with the
challenges of globalization and internationalization of education. Two
of the strategies to response to these challenges from the Malaysian
government have been to allow international students to study in
public higher education institutions (Acuma Incorporated, 2009) and
to improve the quality of tertiary education in Malaysia (Ministry of
Higher Education Malaysia, 2006) to turn Malaysia into an
international hub and centre of excellence in education. In addition,
according to (Johari et al., 2002), the engineering education model
developed for Malaysia is expected to be capable of achieving global
recognition and accreditation for excellence in engineering practice as
well as educating future leaders. The attractiveness of the engineering
programs offered by most of the public Malaysian universities is
further enhanced with accreditation from international bodies for the
engineering courses.
The number of international students in Malaysia is crucial for the
national economy, particularly if considered as provider of higher
quality education in the global market. In other words, higher
education in Malaysia where English is widely used in teaching due to
the legacy of the British Empire, has the potential to be a major
revenue earner through the offering of world class academic programs
(Jimenez, 2007). The targets identified include developed nation such
as China, as well as developing nations such as Iran, Indonesia,
Vietnam and the Middle East, countries which are attracted by
Malaysia’s first-rate higher education, relatively low tuition fees, its
harmonious multicultural society, political stability and the
widespread use of English. The Internet facilities in Malaysia become
the main Government’s initiative and to be utilized as a catalyst for
developing the nation’s socio-economic status, education, healthcare
and other services (Harris, 2007). Therefor most of the Universities in
Malaysia highly committed in implementing the e-Learning
throughout the campus as part of the program to accommodate the
teaching and learning trend and demand. The establishment of a
National Institute of e-Learning under the auspices of Ministry of
Higher Education is the step in providing guidance in the formulation
of e-Learning policies and in coordinating and monitoring the
implementation of e-Learning (Hanafi Atan, Mohamed Amin Embi
and Supyan Hussin, 2011). Accordingly, the aim of the Ministry of
Higher Education in Malaysia is to attract 80,000 international