78 Copyright © 2020, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 4 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0125-2.ch004 ABSTRACT This chapter explores how violence and politics afect food security in Nigeria against the backdrop of existential oil, cult, herdsmen versus farmers confict and Boko Haram insurgency. It examines the contribution of politics and violence in the rising rate of food insecurity in parts of Nigeria. When villagers run away from the violence of cult groups, herdsmen and farmers clashes, and the terror of Boko Haram, the impact on availability and afordability of food requires more accountability. So is the link between oil violence and food insecurity, considering how the industry, through pollution, has considerably reduced cultivable land and fshing in the Niger Delta. Relying on secondary and primary data, the chapter argues that a complex mesh of illegal political relationships and considerations in frequent cases of non-state and criminal armed violence is fast reducing men and women labor in peasant agriculture, such that availability and afordability of food have become threatened. INTRODUCTION Food Security Information Network report (FSIN, 2019) on the global food security situation, identified 113 million people currently in acute food insecurity. Two-third of this number reside in eight countries, including Nigeria. Conflict and natural disasters were mentioned as two main factors responsible for this. In the same vein, the Food and Agriculture Organization insisted in a 2017 report, stated that Violence, Politics, and Food Insecurity in Nigeria Fidelis Allen University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria