European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions (ECROFI-XXI)
Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria, 9–11 August, 2011. Abstracts, p. 134
134
Contrasting fluids on similar vein-type Pb-(Zn-Cu) deposits in Portugal
Marques de Sá, Carlos and Noronha, Fernando
CGUP - GIMEF, DGAOT-FCUP, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
Introduction
Fluid inclusion (FI) studies of Pb-(Zn-Cu)
deposits are being carried out in 8 deposits in NE
and W Portugal: 4 in the Bragança district (NE
Portugal): Ferronho (F), Vale da Madre (VM),
Estevais (E) and Olgas (O); and 4 in the Aveiro
District (W Portugal): Moinho da Pena (P),
Carvalhal (C), Palhal (PA) and Telhadela (T). The
study of these deposits encompasses
mineralogical, geochemical and petrographical
studies together with fluid inclusions studies. We
now present preliminary results of the
petrographic and microthermometric FI studies
and the contrasting evolution of their T-x paths.
Geology and Mineralogy
The studied deposits are low temperature
vein type deposits, formed in late to post-Variscan
fractures. In the Bragança district the veins cross
Ordovician phyllites and quartzites. The deposits
form a lineament parallel to the main NNE-SSW
Vilariça regional fault. The deposits of the Aveiro
district occur in E-W fractures related to late
stages of the Variscan and early Alpine
orogenesis. They occur along a NE-SW fault
which is a tributary of the main NW-SE Porto-
Tomar regional fault. The veins cut across
gneisses and mica-schists of lower Ordovician
age. On both regions the veins are not spatially
related to the synorogenic Variscan granites. All
the veins are brecciated and composed of several
generations of the main gangue, quartz with
calcite (Cc) occurring in the Aveiro district
deposits Palhal (PA) and Telhadela (T). In general
there are three main quartz generations: earlier
massive milky quartz (QI); translucent subhedral
quartz (QII) contemporaneous with main ore
stages; and late quartz in clear euhedral crystals
with comb texture (QIII). Different quartz
generations accompany different paragenetic
stages. These paragenetic stages are: stage 0
(s0; QI, pre-ore); stage 1 (s1; QI-QIIa, Fe-As);
stage 2 (s2; QIIa-QIIb, Cu-Zn); stage 3 (s3; QIIb-
QIIc and Cc, Pb); stage 4 (s4; QIII, late). Main
sulphides are s1: arsenopyrite and pyrite; s2:
sphalerite and chalcopyrite; s3: galena. Several
other rarer sulphides, sulphosalts, sulphates,
carbonates and oxides occur earlier and later in
the paragenesis.
Fluid Inclusion Petrography
Most of the studied FI are hosted by
quartz except a few cases of FI in calcite from
Palhal and Telhadela mines. All studied FI are
two-phase aqueous inclusions (L
w
) and present
frequently an oval, rectangular or negative crystal
shape, with sizes ranging from 5 to 100 µm (most
common 10 µm). Petrographical studies enabled
us to identify different assemblages of FI: isolated,
defining crystal growth zones or in intragranular
planes or swarms (primary or pseudosecondary in
the last case); in transgranular planes or trails
(secondary) (Roedder, 1984; Van den Kerkhof &
Hein, 2001). The assemblages were correlated
with the host quartz generation and by this way
with the paragenetic stage. Flw is constant in
most cases within one assemblage, although
there are some cases of variable vapour bubble
size within the same assemblage.
Microthermometry Results
About 100 FI were microthermometrically
analyzed in each deposit, although in some cases
results for the pair ice melting temperature -
T
m
(ice) - and homogenization temperature - T
h
-
were not possible to obtain, due to decrepitation,
leakage or other undesirable irreversible
phenomenons. Microthermometric results are
summarized in Table 1. For each deposit T
e
,
T
m
(ice) and T
h
means with standard deviation are
presented according to paragenetic stage.
Presence of Ca
2+
is probable as indicated by most
of T
e
temperatures (Goldstein & Reynolds, 1994).
Plotting a diagram (Fig. 1) of T
m
(ice) versus T
h
(L
and V) of the inclusions allowed us to observe: 1)
different fluid “paths” for each district; 2) a distinct
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