https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18758895
International Journal of
Offender Therapy and
Comparative Criminology
2018, Vol. 62(13) 4257–4277
© The Author(s) 2018
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DOI: 10.1177/0306624X18758895
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Article
Beyond Circles of Support:
“Fearless”—An Open Peer-
to-Peer Mutual Support
Group for Sex Offense
Registrants and Their Family
Members
Lisa L. Sample
1
, Brooke N. Cooley
2
,
and Tusty ten Bensel
2
Abstract
The term sex offender carries expectations that include a continuous level of sexual
criminal risk and untreatable mental health conditions that govern sex offending
behaviors. These role expectations by the public can socially isolate individuals
who have been convicted of a crime and the people who love them. This is likely
to contribute to negative self-images that can result in loneliness, isolation, and
depression, and, subsequently, contribute to discontinuing support for sex offender’s
loved ones and reoffending. This article highlights the creation and maintenance of
a peer-to-peer social support group for registered sex offenders and their family
members that helps combat the effects of “sex offender” labels. This group differs
from formal organized circles of support model and traditional self-help groups such
as Alcohol (AA) or Narcotic (NA) Anonymous. We review this group’s creation,
processes and procedures, and outcomes, including changes in cognition, mood, and
affect over time for members in the group.
Keywords
sexual offending, circles of support, support groups, treatment, cognitive and affective
states
1
University of Nebraska Omaha, USA
2
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA
Corresponding Author:
Lisa L. Sample, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6001 Dodge
Street, CB #218, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Email: lsample@unomaha.edu
758895IJO XX X 10.1177/0306624X18758895International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative CriminologySample et al.
research-article 2018