~ 94 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2021; SP-10(1): 94-97 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 TPI 2021; SP-10(1): 94-97 © 2021 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 16-11-2020 Accepted: 18-12-2020 Deepak Chopra M.V.Sc Scholar, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India Subhasish Sahu Scientist, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India Devendra Bidhan Associate Professor, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India Dharmendra Chharang Ph.D. Scholar, Rajasthan University Of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India Ankita Pal M.V.Sc Scholar, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India Man Singh Assistant Professor, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India Dipin Chander Yadav Scientist, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India Corresponding Author: Deepak Chopra M.V.Sc Scholar, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India A review on effect of different bedding materials on growth, microclimatic variability and physiological indices of animals Deepak Chopra, Subhasish Sahu, Devendra Bidhan, Dharmendra Chharang, Ankita Pal, Man Singh and Dipin Chander Yadav Abstract Housing management of animals in the form of bedding as of paramount importance for good health and better growth. It reduces the stress on the animals caused due to adverse climatic conditions. Decrease in stress conditions by increasing animal comfort by providing ideal bedding substrate may results not only in improved production but also may facilities warmth, comfort, cleanliness and weight gain so flooring or bedding is one of the most important components of animal housing as far as animal health and welfare are concerned. Bedding material should be clean, inert, comfortable, and ideal particle size. It should help the animal to reduce heat loss through conduction and to cope up with adverse environment. This review article notify the important research works done in this field for better understanding and selection of proper bedding materials for animals. Keywords: Animal comfort, bedding materials, behavior, growth, welfare Introduction India is the world’ s largest milk producing nation producing around 187 million tones of milk (BAHFS, 2019) [2] . Including Buffalo dairy animals plays a vital role in overall contributions to milk, meat, hides, and draft power for agricultural operations so as being the backbone of the Indian dairy industry healthy animals their calves are essential for the sustenance of the dairy industry. The lifetime performance of animals is adversely affected by no of biological and environmental constraints. It is associated with the type of housing, feeding, managemental practices, and weather conditions (Blood et al., 1994) [4] . Animals remain vulnerable to temperature fluctuations (both hot and cold) and require access to some form of shelter or shade (Panivivat et al., 2004; Rushen et al., 2008) [22, 28] . It was observed that twenty percent of animals mortality may result in a nearly 38% reduction in the profit of a livestock farm (Martin and Wiggins, 1973) [20] . However managemental factors relating to housing hasten the occurrence of mortality. In recent years efforts have been undertaken to reduce mortality in terms of improving management by providing a higher level of comfort regarding the housing environment. Housing management of aniams specially in the adverse climatic conditions as of paramount importance for good health and better growth. It reduces the stress on the animals caused due to adverse climatic conditions. Decrease in stress conditions significantly by increasing animal comfort thus results in improved production (Perissinotto et al., 2006; Navarini et al., 2009) [23, 21] and for this bedding is an important component of the housing management activities of animals.The type of bedding substrate used in animals rearing not only facilities warmth and comfort, but can also affect cleanliness (Panivivat et al., 2004) [22] , weight gain, the incidence of scouring (Hill, Bateman, Aldrich & Schlotterbeck, 2011) [11] , skin surface temperature (Sutherland, Stewart & Schutz,2013) [32] , microclimate and behavior of animals so flooring or bedding is one of the most important components of animal housing as far as animal health and welfare are concerned. A number of organic (hay, silage, sawdust, crop residue) and inorganic (sand, rubber mattress, concrete) materials can be used as bedding as they provide more comfort to animals in adverse climatic condition and results in improved health, better growth, and productivity. It was observed that recently the trend has moved away fromorganic bedding materials, due to hygiene concerns, labor and transportation costs, which can affect the total on-farm price and use (Kartal & Yanar, 2011; Panivivat et al., 2004) [14, 15, 22] . Nowadays sand, rice hulls (rice husks), rubber mats, and concrete materials are more used as a source of rearing substances for animals (Hanninen, de Passille, & Rushen,