IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 10 Ver. V (October. 2016), PP 08-14 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1510050814 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page Effect of duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Lung Function Tests --- Original research article Dr. Garima Charak *1 , Dr.Anupama Kaur 2 , Dr.Surinder Kaur 3 , Dr.Sonia Kocchar 4 1 Senior Resident, Department Of Physiology Ascoms & Hospitals, Sibhra, Jammu 2 Associate Professor, Department Of Physiology Mmimsr, Mullana 3 Professor, Department Of Physiology Mmimsr, Mullana 4 Professor, Department Of Physiology Mmimsr, Mullana Abstract: India is called Diabetic capital of the world as there are going to be 80% of all diabetes from the entire world population, concentrated here. The complications which are caused by diabetes mellitus have become a challenging health problem. Like other target organs lung is also affected in diabetes.the present study was conducted to see the effect of duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Lung function tests. Method: Study Group consisted of 50 subjects with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and is further divided into 2 subgroups:Sub-Group A:-Patients with duration of diabetes for 5 to 10 years. Sub-Group B:-Patients with duration of diabetes for more than 10 years. Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerized spirometer, Spiro – Excel. Summary And Conclusion Observations of various parameters are that Diabetics for more than10 years had statistically significant reduction in FVC with p value (0.046) when compared with those Diabetic for 5-10 years. However, in Diabetics for more than10 years there was no significant difference for FEV1/FVC% relative to the other group with p value (0.490), no significant difference in PEFR relative to Group with Diabetics less than 5 years with p value (0.087) and no significant difference in FEV1 relative to Diabetics with duration of Diabetes less than 5 years with p value (0.053). Hence, as duration of Diabetes increases there is decline in Pulmonary function tests.Spirometry remains a simple and cost effective tool and its judicious use can warn patients to take early preventive measures. I. Introduction The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Indians is the highest prevalence in the world. [1,2] India is called Diabetic Capital of World as there are going to be 80% of all diabetes from the entire world population, concentrated here. Type 2 Diabetes comprises 90% of people with diabetes all around the world, and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. Diabetes mellitus is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs and its complications are mostly due to macro vascular and micro vascular damage; include cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and lung damage. [3,4] As we know Diabetes Mellitus is a multisystem disorders that affects many organs of the body. These complications are mainly a consequence of macrovascular and microvascular damages of the target organs. The microvascular complications appear early within 5 to 10 years and macro vascular complications appear within 15 to 20years from the onset of diabetes. Like other target organs lung is also affected in diabetes. The presence of an extensive micro vascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs, raises the possibility that lung tissue may be affected by micro angiopathy process and non-enzymatic glycosylation of tissue proteins,included by chronic hyperglycemia, there by rendering the lung a “target organ” in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia causes thickening of basal lamina in pulmonary capillaries leading to decreased diffusion capacity. The alteration in scleroproteins in turn affects mechanical properties of lungs. In this chronic disease susceptibility and severity of systemic inflammation increases which may cause peripheral airway obstruction . [5,6] II. Review of literature Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s oldest known disease. A remedy for diabetes was discovered in the 20th century though diabetes mellitus was first described 3500 years ago. The discovery of insulin for the tr atment of diabetes represents one of the major humanitarian and scientific milestones of the 20th century. [7] Schuyler M R et al observed that decreased elastic recoil at low lung volumes in juvenile diabetes mellitus was similar to that found in aging and was consistent in functional integrity of elastin. The authors further reported that in diabetes, total lung capacity (TLC) was significantly smaller than that of normal control subjects which could be due to alteration of collagen matrix which renders it less distensible at high lung volumes, limits the expansion of lungs or causes difference in lung maturation.