https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616686218 Psychological Science 2017, Vol. 28(4) 445–461 © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0956797616686218 www.psychologicalscience.org/PS Research Article It is well established that certain contexts evoke identity threats, or concerns that one’s social identity is devalued or stigmatized by others (Abrams & Hogg, 1999; Crocker, Major, & Steele, 1998; Major & O’Brien, 2005). When under threat, stigmatized group members experience the perni- cious effects of stigma, including cognitive impairments, anxiety, feelings of exclusion, and a general desire to seek less identity-threatening environments (Cheryan, Plaut, Davies, & Steele, 2009; Murphy, Steele, & Gross, 2007; Pinel, 2002; Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999). Yet it is unclear whether women and racial minorities experience the effects of stigmatization when they encounter prejudice that targets a stigmatized attribute they do not possess (an unshared stigmatized identity). Thus, the current research raises an important question—does racism invoke con- cerns about sexism and sexism concerns about racism? While prejudice researchers have primarily theorized about stigma by focusing on the correspondence between the attitude of perpetrators (e.g., sexists) and their targets (e.g., women; Swim & Stangor, 1998), we propose stigma by prejudice transfer, which predicts that stigmatized group members can be threatened by prejudice targeting other stigmatized groups because they believe that preju- dice can have monolithic characteristics (Allport, 1954). Inspired by intraminority approaches (Craig & Richeson, 2016), we report a first test of whether prejudice directed at one stigmatized group (e.g., African Americans) evokes threats for individuals with unshared stigmas (e.g., White women). We propose that White women and racial minorities alike are threatened by both racism and sex- ism, especially in contexts in which minorities and women encounter similar challenges (e.g., competence evaluations). This prejudice transfer may occur because 686218PSS XX X 10.1177/0956797616686218Sanchez et al.Stigma by Prejudice Transfer research-article 2017 Corresponding Author: Diana T. Sanchez, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 53 Avenue E, Tillett Hall, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040 E-mail: dianatsanchez@gmail.com Stigma by Prejudice Transfer: Racism Threatens White Women and Sexism Threatens Men of Color Diana T. Sanchez 1 , Kimberly E. Chaney 1 , Sara K. Manuel 1 , Leigh S. Wilton 2 , and Jessica D. Remedios 3 1 Department of Psychology, Rutgers University; 2 Department of Psychology, Skidmore College; and 3 Department of Psychology, Tufts University Abstract In the current research, we posited the stigma-by-prejudice-transfer effect, which proposes that stigmatized group members (e.g., White women) are threatened by prejudice that is directed at other stigmatized group members (e.g., African Americans) because they believe that prejudice has monolithic qualities. While most stigma researchers assume that there is a direct correspondence between the attitude of prejudiced individuals and the targets (i.e., sexism affects women, racism affects racial minorities), the five studies reported here demonstrate that White women can be threatened by racism (Study 1, 3, 4, and 5) and men of color by sexism (Study 2). Robust to perceptions of liking and the order in which measures were administered, results showed that prejudice transfers between racism and sexism were driven by the presumed social dominance orientation of the prejudiced individual. In addition, important downstream consequences, such as the increased likelihood of anticipated stigma, expectations of unfair treatment, and the attribution of negative feedback to sexism, appeared for stigmatized individuals. Keywords sex differences, racial and ethnic attitudes and relations, prejudice, open data, open materials, preregistered Received 7/27/15; Revision accepted 12/5/16