Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (2), 63-70; https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v5i2.56957
Asian-Australasian Journal of
Food Safety and Security
ISSN 2523-1073 (Print) 2523-2983(Online)
https://www.ebupress.com/journal/aajfss/
Article
Monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables collected from retail markets of
Dhaka district of Bangladesh using QuEChERS Extraction and Gas
Chromatography
Rakibul Hasan
1
, Md. Mahadi Alam
1
, S M Mizanur Rahman
1
, Deeder Sultana
2
and Mohammad Dalower Hossain
Prodhan
3*
1
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
2
Planning & Evaluation Wing, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
3
Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide Research & Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology
Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
*
Corresponding author: Mohammad Dalower Hossain Prodhan, Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Pesticide
Research & Environmental Toxicology Section, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research
Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh. Phone: +8801819849657; E-mail: dalowerag@yahoo.com;
mdhprodhan@gmail.com
Received: 27 August 2021/Accepted: 21 November 2021/ Published: 30 November 2021
Copyright © 2021 Rakibul Hasan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract: The present study was aimed to detect and quantify major organophosphorus pesticide residues in
cauliflower and cucumber collected from different retail markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. In this study, a
total of 50 vegetable samples (30 samples of cauliflower and 20 samples of cucumber) were analyzed using
Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and Gas Chromatography
coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (GC-FTD). Among the 30 analyzed samples of cauliflower, 5
samples (16.7% of the total number of samples) contained residues of chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, acephate and
dimethoate, where 4 samples contained multiple pesticide residues. All the contaminated samples of cauliflower
contained residues above the EU-MRL. On the other hand, among the 20 analyzed samples of cucumber, only 2
samples (10% of the total number of samples) contained residues of quinalphos and chlorpyrifos at a level being
below the EU-MRL. This study reflects the overall scenario of pesticide residues remain in cauliflower and
cucumber purchased from different local markets of Dhaka city, which will help the consumer to be aware of
their health and safety. The findings derived from this study reveals the public health concern due to the
potential of pesticide toxicity in vegetables for the consumers. Therefore, continuous monitoring on the use of
pesticides in vegetables should be strengthened.
Keywords: organophosphorus pesticide residues; vegetables; QuEChERS extraction; gas chromatography
1. Introduction
Vegetables are commonly used to fulfill the balance diet requirement as they are a vital source of vitamins and
fiber. It makes up a major portion of the diet of humans in many parts of the world and play a significant role in
human nutrition, especially as sources of vitamins (C, A, B1, B6, B9, E), minerals, dietary fiber and
phytochemicals (Wargovich, 2000; Dias and Ryder, 2011). The cauliflower and cucumber are the two important
vegetables grown commercially in Bangladesh. Cauliflower is low in fat, high in dietary fiber, contains water
and vitamin C, possessing a very high nutritional density. The warm and humid climatic condition of the