1 Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 26, 1–33 (2017) A review of the soldierfsh genus Ostichthys (Beryciformes: Holocentridae), with descriptions of two new species from Myanmar DAVID W. GREENFIELD Research Associate, Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Dr., Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4503, USA Professor Emeritus, University of Hawai‘i Mailing address: 944 Egan Ave., Pacifc Grove, CA 93950, USA E-mail: greenfe@hawaii.edu JOHN E. RANDALL Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA E-mail: jackr@hawaii.rr.com PETER N. PSOMADAKIS Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: peter.psomadakis@fao.org Abstract The twelve species in the genus Ostichthys are reviewed and two new species are described from bottom trawls taken off the coast of Myanmar: O. convexus from 116–129 m and O. daniela from 121–129 m. Both species have 3½ scales above the lateral line to the middle of the spinous dorsal fn, 28 or 29 lateral-line scales, the last dorsal-fn spine shorter than the penultimate spine, the height of the suborbital bone below the center of eye less than half of the orbit diameter, 13 lower gill rakers, 16–17 pectoral-fn rays, and the snout length 6.2–6.8 in head length; additionally both lack a nasal spine extending beyond the median upper lip and lack a spine at the corner of the preoperculum. The two new species differ from each other in head shape, length of the caudal peduncle, and fresh coloration. Keys are provided to the genera of Myripristinae and the Ostichthys species herein recognized. Photographic documentation of two possible undescribed Ostichthys spp. from Myanmar and Fiji is also included. Key words: taxonomy, systematics, ichthyology, coral-reef fshes, Andaman Sea, Myripristinae, Indian Ocean, Indo-Pacifc Ocean, Ostichthys convexus, Ostichthys daniela.