Semantic Exploration of Distributed AR Services Krzysztof Walczak (B ) , Rafa l Wojciechowski, and Adam W´ ojtowicz Pozna´ n University of Economics and Business, Niepodleglo´ sci 10, 61-875 Pozna´ n, Poland {walczak,rawojc,awojtow}@kti.ue.poznan.pl http://www.kti.ue.poznan.pl/ Abstract. In this paper, we present a new approach to building large- scale ubiquitous augmented reality (AR) applications. Instead of fixed AR content, presented on specific places or objects, we propose the con- cept of a semantic network of distributed AR services contributed by different providers. These services have different roles and offer differ- ent content and functionality, but the synergy offered by such a diverse network of services opens new fields of application for AR systems. The services in our approach are modeled using well-established standards from the domain of business process modeling, but they are additionally annotated using semantic descriptions of the role and properties of par- ticular services and their relationships, allowing meaningful selection of dynamic exploration paths by users with different interests, constraints and privileges. An indispensable element of such heterogeneous AR sys- tems is proper consideration of security and privacy issues, which are also covered in this work. Keywords: Augmented reality · Business process modeling · Security policies · Semantics 1 Introduction The aim of this research work is to develop a model enabling dynamic ad-hoc secure exploration of distributed augmented reality (AR) services using high- level semantic descriptions. Current location-aware AR platforms such as Layar [10] and Wikitude [23] have a number of underlying problems with respect to these functionalities. First of all they lack support for business services. AR plat- forms are not connected to internal business processes of businesses offering the services. The services are vendor-specific and they are not interoperable. Cre- ation and management of AR services is a complex process, which requires high expertise in computer programming and graphics design. New services are often designed from scratch, which is costly and time consuming. At the same time privacy remains a serious problem – the systems do not currently really sup- port user privacy. One central service provider may have access to all user data, when – in reality – users may want to limit this by provider and/or location. Finally, access control for AR in physical locations is an issue, in particular, lim- ited access control rights within digital augmented reality spaces as well as lack c  Springer International Publishing AG 2017 L.T. De Paolis et al. (Eds.): AVR 2017, Part I, LNCS 10324, pp. 415–426, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60922-5 32 Walczak K., Wojciechowski R., Wójtowicz A. (2017) Semantic Exploration of Distributed AR Services. In: De Paolis L., Bourdot P., Mongelli A. (eds) Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics. AVR 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10324. Springer, Cham