Reviewer in Obligations and Contracts; Topic: Obligations New Era University College of Law - Atty. Voltaire Duano © Dennie Vieve Idea 1 INTRODUCTION What is obligation? - A juridical necessity 1 to give, to do or not to do (Art. 1156) - A juridical relation whereby a person (active) may demand from another (passive) the presence of an indeterminate conduct which in times of non-observance may seek relief. ELEMENTS 1. Juridical tie (Art. 1157, sources of obligations) Article 1157. Obligations arise from: (1) Law (2) Contracts; (3) Quasi-contracts; (4) Acts or omissions punished by law; and (5) Quasi-delicts. **SOURCES OF OBLIGATION 1. Law – those expressly provided in the New Civil Code or special laws (Art. 1158) 2. Contracts – those that have force of law between contracting parties and should be complied with in good faith (Art. 1159) 3. Quasi-contracts – arise from lawful, unilateral and voluntary acts which are enforceable to the end that no one should unjustly enrich himself at the expense of another. (Art. 2142) 4. Delicts – arise from the commission of a crime. (Art.1161) 5. Quasi-delicts – arise from damage caused to another thru an act or omission there being fault or negligence. (Art. 2176) 2. Object/prestation (Art. 1156) 3. Creditor and debtor NATURE AND EFFECTS OF OBLIGATIONS 1. Real Obligations – to give a specific or generic thing 2. Personal Obligations – to do or not to do 1 To enforce obligation in courts