International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | October 2021 | Vol 9 | Issue 10 Page 3099 International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Jaidev A et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2021 Oct;9(10):3099-3104 www.msjonline.org pISSN 2320-6071 | eISSN 2320-6012 Original Research Article Gender based differences in lipid profile and other novel atherogenic risk factors in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients Arpita Jaidev 1 *, Hitesh Shah 1 , Mayank K. Chaturvedi 2 INTRODUCTION Diabetes at present affects 62 million Indians, which constitutes 7.1% of the adult population. 1 The risk of developing cardiovascular disease is 2-4 times higher among people with diabetes as weighed against people without diabetes. 2 Gender-based differences in the way cardiovascular risk factors and risk of Cardiovascular disease is distributed among patients with diabetes, has been examined by several studies which tip-off towards excess risk factor clustering among females, thus rendering them at an increased risk of Cardiovascular disease as compared to men. In women DM may meddle with protective mechanisms in the vascular wall and thereby lead to enhanced atherogenesis. 3 Cardiovascular- disease is a multifactorial condition and major risk factors (i.e., obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) have all demonstrated to have a say in its occurrence. 4 1 Department of Biochemistry, Pramukhswami Medical College. Karamsad, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Dentistry, GMERS Medical College and Hospital Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India Received: 08 August 2021 Revised: 11 September 2021 Accepted: 13 September 2021 *Correspondence: Dr. Arpita Jaidev, E-mail: apjaidev@gmail.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background: Utilization of lipids and lipoproteins gets altered in diabetes mellitus (DM) leading to atherogenic dyslipidemia. This study evaluates cardiovascular risk profile of diabetic men and women, including conventional lipid profile and novel risk factors namely lipid ratios, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index. Methods: In all 200 diabetic patients (100 males and 100 females) aged 18-65 years who were under treatment were randomly sampled for the study. Socio-demographic data were collected. Glycated hemoglobin levels, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, were estimated using standard procedures. Anthropometric variables such body mass index (BMI) was measured, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also taken. There was no difference between men and women with respect to duration of DM and type of treatment. Results: Lipid profile estimates showed that diabetic females had higher level of total cholesterol (TC) (198.07 vs 169.5 mg/dl) and higher level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (43.99 vs. 41 mg/dl) as compared to males. All the parameters that are raised total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were observed in significantly higher proportion of females as compared to males. The values of atherogenic indices [CR1, CR2, AC and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)] for both genders were higher than the baseline value. In this study females had higher mean non-HDL 154 mg/dl as compared to males mean non-HDL 129 mg/dl and this study showed that female participants held on in high-risk AIP category and so they were at a higher risk of developing coronary heart condition. Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was observed in a greater proportion of female diabetic patients than male diabetic patients Keywords: Diabetes, Lipid profile, Dyslipidemia, Atherogenic indices, Novel cardiovascular risk factors DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213940