406 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA RESEARCH NOTES AND REPORTS Palestinians need to be told that Jerusalem is contested, but sometimes the scholars conducting research need to be reminded of this. Black Paris is not a unified site, and in Yugoslavia, touristic settings have practically been eradi- cated. These settings are contested and mutable. This discussion leads one to the notion of touristic enclaves and mass tour- ism. Questions raised in the papers about mass tourism were not entirely resolved. Dean MacCannell stated that mass tourism was a fiction created by economists. David Harrison (University of Sussex, UK) retorted that mass tourism should be watched, since there is an elitist tendency to belittle mass tourism in recent research. The applied studies presented warned against the negative effects of mass tourism. Tourist arts and crafts also deserve more attention. The manufacturing and consumption of souvenir items and artistic objects are a means of communication between ethnic groups, across cultures, and between tourists and their hosts. In addition, tourist arts and crafts have explicit political, economic, and cultural connotations. The symbolic ex- changes of tourist art deserve more study, as Graburn, Shenhav-Keller, Mac- Cannell, and Jules-Rosette stressed in their papers. Tourism is a stage in a process that has different configurations in relation to modernity and postmodernity. Jean Poirier (University of Nice, France) illustrated this point clearly. Tourism is in evolution. It may disappear and be replaced by a televisual apparatus that simulates the vacation resort as a virtual reality. People shall use earphones and go on vacation with their computers. These possibilities suggest a wide field to exploit and explore in future research. Thus, there is no definitive conclusion for these discussions. Sociologists and anthropologists need to continue to reflect on these problems. It should be emphasized that the touristic encounter is less monolithic, more dialogical, more layered, more complex, more divergent, more processual, more experimental than previous scholarship has indicated. Indeed, tourism studies constitute an important challenge to sociological theory. c] 0 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjih Bennetta Juks-Rosette: CA 92093, USA Department Sociology, University California-San Diego, La Jolla REFERENCE MacCannell, Dean 1976 The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken. 1992 Empty Meeting Grounds: The Tourist Papers. London: Routledge. Submitted 15 June 1993 Accepted 1 August 1993 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ Residents’ Concepts of Tourism Stephen E. G. Lea University of Exeter, UK Simon Kemp Karyn Willetts University of Canterbury, New Zealand A substantial part of the psychological literature on tourism is concerned with the perceptions of the effects of tourism held by residents in host commu- nities, and their attitudes towards it. Such research has recently been reviewed