Copyright © UNU-WIDER 2012
1
Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen,
2
Department of Business and Economics,
University of Southern Denmark, Odense.
3
Central Institute for Economic Management, Hanoi,
4
National Directorate of Studies and Policy Analysis, Ministry of Planning and Development, Maputo.
E-mail of the corresponding author: channing.arndt@econ.ku.dk.
This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER 'Growth and Poverty Project' (GAPP).
UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the research programme by the
governments of Denmark (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Finland (Ministry for Foreign Affairs), Sweden
(Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency—Sida), and the United Kingdom (Department
for International Development).
ISSN 1798-7237 ISBN 978-92-9230-499-7
Working Paper No. 2012/36
Ordinal Welfare Comparisons with
Multiple Discrete Indicators:
A First Order Dominance Approach and
Application to Child Poverty
Channing Arndt
1
, Roberta Distante
1
,
M. Azhar Hussain
1
, Lars Peter Østerdal
2
,
Pham Lan Huong
3
, Maimuna Ibraimo
4
April 2012
Abstract
We develop an approach for making welfare comparisons between populations with
multidimensional discrete well-being indicators observed at the micro level. The
approach is rooted in the concept of multidimensional first order dominance. It assumes
that, for each indicator, the levels can be ranked ordinally from worse to better, however
no assumptions are made about relative importance of any dimension nor about
complementarity/substitutability relationships between dimensions. We also introduce
an efficient algorithm for determining dominance and employ a bootstrap approach that
permits cardinal rankings of populations. These approaches are applied to household
survey data from Vietnam and Mozambique.
Keywords: ordinal, welfare, multi-dimensional poverty measurement, first order
dominance, Mozambique, Vietnam
JEL classification: I32, D63, O10