Volume 6 Issue 4 • 1000245 J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism ISSN:2161-0460 JADP an open access journal Open Access Research Article Uddin et al., J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2016, 6:4 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000245 Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Parkinsonism J o u r n a l o f A l z h e i m e r s D i s e a s e & P a r k i n s o n i s m ISSN: 2161-0460 Keywords: Neuroprotective; Asparagus racemosus; Cognitive impairment; Oxidative stress; Alzheimer’s disease Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer’s disease; AR: Asparagus racemosus; EEAR: Ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus; EPM: Elevated plus maze; PA: Passive avoidance; MWM: Morris water maze; NOR: Novel object recognition;TBARS: Tiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS); AChE: Acetylcholinesterase; ITL: Initial transfer latency; RTL: Retention transfer latency; EL: Escape latency; RL: Retention latency; TSTQ: Time spent in the target quadrant; TSA: Time spent in the annuli; DI: Discrimination index; PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; CNS: Central nervous system; Aβ: amyloid beta; WHO: World Health Organization; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; TBA: Tiobarbituric acid; ATCI: Acetyl thiocholine iodide; DTNB: 5,5-dithiobis-2- nitrobenzoate ion; Tris-HCl: Trisfamino methane hydrochloride; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; NIH: National Institutes of Health; OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that results in memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction due to Neuroprotective Activity of Asparagus racemosus Linn. Against Ethanol- Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rats Brain: Auspicious for Controlling the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease Md. Sahab Uddin 1† *, Md. Asaduzzaman 1† , Abdullah Al Mamun 1 , Mohammed Ashraful Iqbal 2 , Ferdous Wahid 3 and Ram Kamol Rony 4 1 Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 Department of Chemistry, Fareast International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Background: Medicinal plants are superior gift of nature to human lives to support disease free healthy life. Neurodegenerative diseases especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects the central nervous system causing progressive degeneration of neurons, which affect cognitive function. The plant Asparagus racemosus (AR) Linn. has been used traditionally by Ayurvedic practitioners for nervous disorders. In this consequence, the intention of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus (EEAR) Linn. roots in ethanol-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats brain. Methods: The learning and memory enhancing activity of EEAR roots extract were investigated in Swiss albino male rats for 21 days and its effects on learning and memory were examined using various behavioral studies such as elevated plus maze (EPM) test, passive avoidance (PA) test, morris water maze (MWM) test, novel object recognition (NOR) test and biochemical studies such as lipid peroxidation (TBARS) contents and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Results: In the EPM test, administration of EEAR (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) signifcantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) decreased retention transfer latency (RTL) on 21 st day with respect to the disease control group. EEAR at 200 mg/kg b.w. markedly (P<0.05, P<0.01) increased the retention latency (RL) on 11 th and 21 st day compared to disease control group for PA test. In the NOR test administration of EEAR (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) considerably (P<0.05) increased DI of rats on 21 st day with respect to disease control group. Both doses of EEAR (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) markedly (P<0.05, P<0.01) decreased escape latency (EL) and highest dose of EEAR (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) noticeably (P<0.05, P<0.001) increased time spent in the target quadrant (TSTQ) on successive days for acquisition trial of MWM test. In case of probe trial administration of EEAR (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) considerably (P<0.05, P<0.01) increased TSTQ and TSA (time spent in the annuli) of rats as compared to that of disease control group. EEAR administration (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) signifcantly (P<0.01) decreased the TBARS level in the brain tissue of rats with respect to disease control group. The lowest and highest dose of EEAR (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) signifcantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) decreases the AChE activity in the brain tissue of rats as compared to disease control group. Conclusion: The existing study displays that EEAR roots possesses an outstanding source for natural nootropic and confrming the traditional uses of this plant which could be industrialized for enhancing learning and memory impairment associated with neurodegenerative disorders particularly AD. *Corresponding author: Md. Sahab Uddin, Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tel: +8801670760546; E-mail: msu-neuropharma@hotmail.com, msu_neuropharma@hotmail.com † Equal contributors Received February 17, 2016; Accepted June 27, 2016; Published July 04, 2016 Citation: Uddin MS, Asaduzzaman M, Mamun AA, Iqbal MA, Wahid F, et al. (2016) Neuroprotective Activity of Asparagus racemosus Linn. Against Ethanol-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Rats Brain: Auspicious for Control- ling the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 6: 245. doi: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000245 Copyright: © 2016 Uddin MS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. progressive neurodegeneration [1]. Worldwide at present 35 million people are afected by AD, including 5.5 million Americans and it is projected that in 2050 more than 115 million people will have dementia [2,3]. AD is currently ranked as the 6 th leading cause of death in the United States, but recent estimates indicate that the disorder may rank 3 rd , just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people [4]. Tis disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid β (Aβ)