IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 04, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 145 Acetylene Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Spark Ignition Engine Jai Vardhan Srivastava 1 Harsh Vardhan Srivastava 2 Mohd. Shahid Khan 3 1,2,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering 1 BBD Engineering College, Lucknow, U.P., India, 226028 2 R.K.D.F. University, Bhopal, M.P., India, 462001 3 AIET, Lucknow, U.P., India, 226002 Abstract— In the present scenario of energy resources most of the fuel used are fossil fuels and they are going to be exhaust very soon. The need of the present world is to search for some alternative resources. We have some choices like LPG, CNG, Hydrogen gas but due their drawbacks and lack of technology in some cases it is very complicated to use them. Acetylene is a very good fuel for running automobiles; this paper shows the mechanism with total setup for running IC engine by acetylene gas produced on board. Key words: Alternative Fuel, Thermodynamic Approach, Comparison, Exhaust Analysis, Emission, POCP I. INTRODUCTION Presently world is facing difficulties due to the crisis of fuels, their increasing cost and environmental degradation caused by them. Internal combustion Engines use conventional hydrocarbon fuels and have dominated in many fields like transportation, agriculture and power generation which undesirably leads to pollutant like hydrocarbons (CxHy), oxides of sulphur (SOx), oxides of carbon (COx) and particulates which are highly harmful to human health and are contributing in increasing the amount of green house gases and ultimately global warming[6]. Natural gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Hydrogen, Acetylene, Producer gas, Alcohol and Vegetable oils are promising fuels for I.C. Engine. There has been a considerable effort made across the world to develop in alternative gaseous fuel from above mentioned fuels to replace conventional fuels by partial replacement or fully replacement. Many of the gaseous fuels obtained from renewable resources have a high self ignition temperature and hence are excellent for spark ignition engine. The principal objective of this project include the mechanism and total setup for running the I.C. Engine by acetylene gas produced on board. II. ABOUT ACETYLE1NE Acetylene is a colorless gas with garlic smell produced from calcium carbide (CaC2), which is obtained from calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Calcium Carbonate is heated in lime kiln at 825˚C which forms Calcium Oxide (lime) liberating Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is then heated in electric furnace with coke to produce Calcium Carbide (CaC2). Finally Calcium Carbide is hydrolyzed reducing acetylene. Acetylene gas is colorless, highly combustible with high flame speed and fast energy released, it can be used as alternative fuel in I.C. Engine. It has a very wide flame ability range and minimum energy required for ignition on comparing with various other fuel properties, acetylene proved good to be used in I.C. Engine. Physical and combustion Properties of Fuels Acetylene Hydrogen Diesel Fuel C2H2 H2 C8-C20 Density kg/m 3 (At 1 atm & 20 0 C) 1.092 0.08 840 Auto ignition temperature 305 572 257 Stoichiometric air fuel ratio (kg/kg) 13.2 34.3 14.5 Flammability Limits (Volume%) 2.5-81 4-74.5 0.6- 5.5 Flammability Limits (Equivalent ratio) 0.3-9.6 0.1-6.9 ------ Lower Calorific Value (kj/kg) 48,225 1,20,,000 42,500 Lover Calorific Value (kj/m 3 ) 50,636 9600 ------ Max. Deflagration speed (m/sec) 1.5 3.5 0.3 Ignition energy (MJ) 0.019 0.02 ----- Lover Heating Value of Stoichiometric Mixture (kj/kg) 3396 3399 2930 Table 1: Comparison with Other Fuels [9] III. OVERVIEW OF PROJECT A. Step 1 The first step involves the production of acetylene gas by reacting Calcium Carbide with water in the reaction cylinder CaC2+2H2O  C2H2+Ca (OH)2 The acetylene gas so produced gets stored in the reaction cylinder and its pressure is measured by the pressure gauge provided at the top of cylinder B. Step 2 After the production of acetylene gas, this gas goes to the primary condenser which is mounted on reaction cylinder and then to secondary condenser. Both the condenser remove the water content from the gas. The secondary condenser also consists of a valve which controls the forward flow of acetylene gas. Fig. 1: Working project