Open Theology 2016; 2: 296–302
Anthony J. Watson*
Without Boundaries?
Deriving Pluralist Theologies for Projects Using a Theology Without Walls
DOI 10.1515/opth-2016-0025
Received January 19, 2016; accepted March 4, 2016
Abstract: This article systematically derives a common pluralist theology from the works of theologians
Roger Haight and Amir Hussain. It then discusses this emergent definition of pluralism through the
perspective of intent, an examination of exclusive claims and the historicity of formative context. Finally,
potential approaches and areas are outlined, such as revelation, salvation, and historicity, in which a
pluralist theology can advance a Theology “Without Walls.”
Keywords: Roger Haight, Amir Hussain, Pluralism, Islam, Christianity
Introduction
In postmodern theological discourse concerning multi-religious societies, conceptions of interfaith
relations and pluralism are inevitably discussed. However, despite the apparent salutary role that pluralism
holds in present-day society, a conceptual definition of what pluralism is can be difficult to pin down.
Views on pluralism can range from positive to negative depending on any range of assumptions as to
its nature, or the spiritual inclinations of the beholder. In this article, I explore definitions for pluralism
through the comparative analysis of the works of two noted pluralist theologians, one Muslim, the other
Catholic. In the spirit of attempting to advance a theology without walls, I will seek to derive a common set
of attributes for a definition of pluralism that can be employed in a theology without walls. Finally, I will
briefly discuss this emergent definition of pluralism through the perspective of anti-pluralist theology and
outline approaches—such as a salvation “Without Walls”— in which a pluralist theology can advance the
Theology Without Walls project.
In Their Own Words: A definition of Pluralism by Pluralists
In this analysis of pluralist thinking, I have selected the writings of two noted pluralist theologians. Roger
Haight is a Jesuit Catholic theologian whose work in the past decade was condemned by the Vatican’s
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith for holding what then-Cardinal Ratzinger described as “grave
doctrinal errors”1. Amir Hussain is Professor of Theological Studies at Loyola Marymount, who is highly
involved in interfaith dialogue, including work with the World Conference on Religion and Peace and the
Fellowship for Reconciliation.
In his article “Muslims, Pluralism and Interfaith Dialogue,” Hussain begins by defining his view of
pluralism. He is quick to point out that pluralism is not to be equated with relativism, stating, “When some
1 Ratzinger, “Notification”, 1.
© 2016 Anthony J. Watson, published by De Gruyter Open.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License.
*Corresponding author: Anthony J. Watson, Brown University, Providence, USA, E-mail: ajwatson@post.harvard.edu
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