Development of a Global Sustainability Index for G8+5
Countries by Using TOPSIS
Hisham Alidrisi
Department of Industrial Engineering
King Abdulaziz University
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
hmalidrisi@kau.edu.sa
Abstract
It has been well established that sustainable development is a critical issue worldwide. Countries should consider the
conservative consumption of available resources while maintaining their desired levels of economic growth. This
study aimed to develop a global sustainability index for the Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) countries by using the
Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The index is based on three criteria: the
Gross Domestic Product, carbon dioxide emissions, and the World Happiness Index, which constitute the economic,
environmental, and social dimensions, respectively, of sustainability. The results indicate that the TOPSIS has a
competitive advantage over other multiple-criteria decision-making techniques. They also reveal the criteria weight
sensitivity of the developed index. This suggests that policymakers and researchers should pay special attention to
criteria selection and weighting.
Keywords
Global Sustainability Index, TOPSIS, sustainability, G8+5.
1. Introduction
It has been well established that sustainable development (SD) is a critical issue worldwide. SD initiatives aim to
meet the needs of current and future generations (Schaefer and Crane, 2005). This creates a dilemma for countries as
they promote conservative approaches to resource consumption while maintaining their desired levels of economic
growth. Therefore, in the past two decades, developed countries and many developing countries have sponsored SD
initiatives (Bilgili et al. 2017, Borland et al. 2019, González et al. 2017, Majid 2020, Zhang and Wen 2008). Given
that the Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) countries are either the most developed countries (Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) or the largest emerging economies
(Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa), their initiatives are supposed to represent the ideal sustainable
practices that can be benchmarked. Thus, this paper argues that the economic, social, and environmental data from
these 13 countries could encourage researchers and policymakers worldwide to investigate and to benchmark SD
initiatives.
1.1 Objective
This study aimed to develop a global sustainability index for G8+5 countries by using the Technique for Order of
Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The developed index is based on three criteria: the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the World Happiness Index (WHI), which constitute
the economic, environmental, and social dimensions, respectively, of sustainability.
2. Literature Review
Mensah and Casadevall (2019) noted that although sustainability refers to the capacity to maintain “things” over time
Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management
Sao Paulo, Brazil, April 5 - 8, 2021
© IEOM Society International 2340