vv 020 Citation: Aljerf L, Dastan D, Sajjadifar S, Bhatnagar S, Ukaogo PO, et al. (2019) Guidelines for the preparation and isolation of Radionuclides produced with In- house Cyclotrons Bombardments Open Journal of Chemistry 5(1): 020-029. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000013 https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc DOI: 2641-3051 ISSN: CHEMISTRY G R O U P Abstract Carrier-free radioisotopes and cyclotrons are largely manufactured and sold in market in high prices, even many challenges are facing isotopes production in industry. Thus, we came here to introduce valuable and easy working conditions using different thick target materials under well-defined irradiations to separate some important isotopes. As a result, in carrier-free form, the present work has successfully isolated seventeen most common cosmogenic and biological radioisotopes recommended by the IAEA-TECDOC-1211, Charged Particle Cross-section Database for Medical Radioisotope Production: Diagnostic Radioisotopes and Monitor Reactions, and the IAEA, in addition to US National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) databases. Research Article Guidelines for the preparation and isolation of Radionuclides produced with In-house Cyclotrons Bombardments Loai Aljerf 1 *, Davoud Dastan 2 *, Sami Sajjadifar 3 , Suhasini Bhatnagar 4 , Prince O Ukaogo 5 , and Farouk Dehmchi 6 1 Independant, Damascus, Syria 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia-30332, USA 3 Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran 4 Ecological Concepts Pvt. Limited A4-003 LGF Tower-4 Purvanchal Heights Zeta-1 Greater Noida UP-201306, India 5 Analytical / Environmental Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria 6 Chemistry Department, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria Received: 14 March, 2019 Accepted: 24 June, 2019 Published: 25 June, 2019 *Corresponding authors: Loai Aljerf, Independant, Damascus, Syria, Tel: +963944482203; E-mail: Davoud Dastan, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Geor- gia-30332, USA, Tel: +1(917)5136254; E-mail: Keywords: Isotopes production; Atomic energy commission; Radiopharmaceuticals; Molecular biology; Chemical separa- tion system; Chemical tolerance; Scintillation https://www.peertechz.com Introduction In November, 2005, the United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) has launched a novel programme [1,2], to enhance the needs for developing cyclotron-generated and reactor-produced radionuclides (i.e. Tc-99 m, I-123, I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, Ga-67, Ga-68, In-111, Y-86 and Sc-44) (or called as reactor-produced radioactive isotopes (RPRI); energy range 3 MeV-20 MeV) distribution including their marketing process especially for medical applications [3,4]. In 5yrs, the programme was being in process, which perceived the work on radiopharmaceuticals. Cyclotron producing radioisotopes had been largely expanded especially in clinical application [3]. Even though, as noted by USAEC, it was not marketed as the nuclear RPRI, which nowadays plays a foremost active role in scientific research, and recent developments in several arenas especially “molecular biology” [5,6]. The challenge that brakes the distribution of this important technique attributes to the imbalance between the expenditures and the gained products, where to produce a little quantity of radioactivity by the expensive charged particle accelerator (CPA), this entails high expenses. Taking into consideration this challenge, the cyclotron produced carrier free radioisotopes (CFSR) can overcome these obstacles and presents its assets as desirable technique in major fields [5]. A carrier free isotope or CFSR has been considered the only technique that needs no quantifiable masses of stable isotopic elements of the same component present [7]. Through charged particle radioactivity, the carrier free isotopic elements are generated where their atomic numbers (Z) (or the chemical identity) are different from Z-values of the original target substance/material (TM) [8]. With the usage of distinct chemical separation systems, such as solvent extraction and/ or ion exchange chromatography (IEC), macro extent of TM can be separated from the tiny quantity of radioactive material then decontaminated and organised as per CFSR [9,10]. CFSR may be implemented in several ways. These could be inoculated into humans and animals due to the insignificant chemical tolerance, i.e. As 74 [11]. These could be utilised for radiochemical investigations in very little contents, (<0.01μmolar). They can also be implemented for preparing of insubstantial lightweight-counting standards, abolishing the amendments aimed at scattering and self-absorption correction [12]. Basic principles of CPAs yield radioisotopes that generally are neutron-deficient nuclei regarding the nuclear-powered