International Journal of Clinical Trials | July-September 2021 | Vol 8 | Issue 3 Page 202
International Journal of Clinical Trials
Brinkman HR et al. Int J Clin Trials. 2021 Aug;8(3):202-210
http://www.ijclinicaltrials.com pISSN 2349-3240 | eISSN 2349-3259
Protocol
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy versus internet-based
modified present-centered therapy for world trade center responders
and survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: rationale and design
of a randomized controlled trial
Hannah R. Brinkman
1,2
*, Mary L. Kowalchyk
1
, Leah Cahn
1
, Cindy J. Aaronson
1
,
Maria Böttche
3,4
, Candice Presseau
5,6
, John C. Markowitz
7
, Brett T. Litz
5,8,9
,
Laura Huckins
1,6,10-13
, Rachel Yehuda
1,6,14
, Christine Knaevelsrud
3
,
Robert H. Pietrzak
15,16
, Adriana Feder
1
1
Department of Psychiatry,
10
Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences,
11
Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics,
12
Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology,
13
Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment,
14
Department of
Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
2
Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
3
Department of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
4
Center Ueberleben, Berlin, Germany
5
VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
6
Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans’ Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New
York, USA
7
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
8
Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
9
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
15
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
16
United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences
Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USAA
Received: 11 March 2021
Revised: 19 April 2021
Accepted: 21 April 2021
*Correspondence:
Hannah R. Brinkman,
E-mail: hannah.brinkman@rutgers.edu
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nearly two decades following the 9/11/2001 world trade center (WTC) attacks, a substantial proportion of
WTC rescue and recovery workers (“responders”) and WTC survivors continue to experience WTC-related posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapies (I-CBT) are short-term, evidence-based,
scalable treatments with the potential to reach large numbers of symptomatic WTC workers and survivors. However, no I-
CBT studies have been conducted in the WTC cohort.
Methods: This report describes the rationale and design of an ongoing randomized controlled trial comparing integrative
testimonial therapy (ITT), an I-CBT, to an active comparison treatment, internet-based modified present-centered therapy.
The primary aim is to evaluate the efficacy of ITT in mitigating WTC-related PTSD symptoms in WTC responders and
survivors with full or subthreshold WTC-related PTSD. The efficacy of ITT in reducing comorbid depressive and anxiety
symptoms, and improving functioning, quality of life, and post-traumatic growth will additionally be evaluated. Saliva
samples are also collected to explore genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of treatment response.
Conclusions: This is the first I-CBT trial to compare ITT to a credible and active treatment, controlling for critical third-
variable explanations of superiority (e.g., non-specific therapy effects). This RCT bridges an important research gap in the
rising field of I-CBT interventions and adds to the literature on the design of trials investigating evidence-based treatments
for PTSD in WTC- and other trauma-affected populations.
Trial registration: This trial was registered on clinicalTrials.gov on May 16, 2017 (NCT03154151).
Keywords: Posttraumatic stress disorder, Internet intervention, Online therapy, 9/11, World trade center
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20212843