International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019 11273 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: D9509118419/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D9509.118419 Assessment of Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Stress as a Risk Factor using Classification Algorithms Rohini Patil, Kamal Shah Abstract — Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a vital health concern today, not only in India but across the world. Several factors including dietary habits, genetics, lack of physical exercise and stress are known to affect the risk of type 2 diabetes. Although awareness has increased to some extent, many people with diabetes have limited knowledge about the risk factors before the diagnosis of disease. For chronic disease prevention there is a necessity to find out such risk factors and manage them appropriately. Statistical techniques can be employed to understand the risk of type 2 diabetes in different age group of people. The objective of the research was to evaluate relationship among stress and type 2 diabetes in people with different age groups by a statistical tool. The proposed method uses three machine learning classifiers namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression and Random Forest (RF) to detect type 2 diabetes at an early stage. To develop an adaptive model the preprocessing step has been applied. The accuracy of predicting diabetes using SVM, Random Forest and Logistic Regression was 80.17%, 79.37%, 78.67% respectively. The results suggest that as compared to Random Forest and Logistic Regression, SVM is better in predicting occurrence and progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stress as a risk factor. Keywords—Diabetes Mellitus,Support Vector Machine,Random Forest,Logistic Regression. I. INTRODUCTION Diabetes is often called as silent killer.Today, diabetes represents a significant health burden among families and in turn on the country. The incidence and prevalence of both are on rise worldwide and in India. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition which occurs because of decreased synthesis of insulin by the pancreas or ineffective utilization of insulin. Diabetes mellitus is broadly divided into three key types; type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is because of the deficiency of insulin, there is increase in blood glucose level. Because of inability of pancreas to produce insulin it has to be given from outside hence patients need lifelong injections of insulin. Type 2 diabetes occurs due to ineffective utilization of insulin [1]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalence than insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by adapting healthy life-style. Revised Manuscript Received on November 22, 2019. Rohini Patil, Research Scholar Thakur college of Engineering and Technology Mumbai, India Assistant Professor, Terna Engineering College, Navi Mumbai. rohinipatil@ternaengg.ac.in Dr.Kamal Shah, Professor& Dean (R & D) Thakur college of Engineering and Technology Mumbai. kamal.shah@thakureducation.org Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy [2]. Women with gestational diabetes are at more risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed by regular checking of blood glucose during pregnancy. In pre-diabetes, blood glucose levels are elevated but not as high as diabetes mellitus [3]. Pre-diabetes is a risk factor for diabetes so precaution need to be taken from early stage. The two well-known international association‟s i.e. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) provide important information and data related to epidemiology. According to the report of the WHO published in 2016, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death [4]. According to the IDF, India is the second largest country with an estimated 73 million adults between the age group of 20-79 years living with the disease. Current burden of diabetes in India is 49% of world burden and this is expected to reach 151 million by 2045, posing a major health challenge for the country [5]. Diabetes is associated with several complications including those related to eye, nerves, arteries, kidney and heart [6]. Stress is one of the important risk factors or trigger for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Presence of long term stress can lead to rise in blood glucose level. Stress can either be physical or mental or both [7, 8, 9]. Healthcare is one of the areas where predictive analytics can be of significant value. Machine learning algorithms can build a model from data used for prediction, decision making or solving some task. Predictive analytics uses statistical, analytical queries or machine learning methods for predicting potential outcomes [10]. Past and current data can be used for predicting future activity, behavior and trends. This research is carried out to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on presence of stress factors and create a simple diagnostic application which may also be useful for improving the health. II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Several factors including age, genetics and glucose level are considered to be important in diabetes. These factors may differ among different types of diabetes. For predicting risk of diabetes among people with different age groups based on life style of a person data mining approach is used. Decision trees model is used for predictive analysis. The results have suggested higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes among people with age above 45 years. They may also have risk factors included hypertension, lipid level, body mass index (BMI) and the history of myocardial infarction [3].