© 2018 Semarang State University  Corresponding author: Politeknik Negeri Malang, alan Soekarno-Hatta No.9 Malang, Indonesia E-mail: khalimatus22@gmail.com ISSN 2303-0623 e-ISSN 2407-2370 Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan http://journal .unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jbat Pyrolysis of Coconut Coir and Shell as Alternative Energy Source Khalimatus Sa’diyah  , Fatchur Rohman, Winda Harsanti, Ivan Nugraha, Nur Ahmad Febrianto DOI 10.15294/jbat.v7i2.11393 Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jalan Soekarno-Hatta No.9 Malang, Indonesia Article Info Abstract Article history: Received October 2017 Accepted March 2018 Published December 2018 Biomass waste can be used as raw material for bio-oil manufacture. One of the biomass is coconut coir and shell waste, commonly used as a substitute for firewood and handicraft materials. Therefore it takes effort to use coconut coir and shell to increase its economic value. One of the waste processing efforts is through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the heating process of a substance in the absence of oxygen and produces products of solids, liquids and gases. The product of pyrolysis liquid is called bio-oil which can be used as alternative energy source. In this study, coconut coir and shell was pyrolysed as bio-oil. It also studied pyrolysis operating temperature and the amount of yield of bio-oil produced. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor with a pressure of 1 atm and a varying operating temperature of 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C for 60 minutes. The reactor was equipped with a condenser as a cooling column. The mass of raw materials used was 500 grams with a size of 0.63 mm. The results of the research show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced. For coconut coir pyrolysis it was obtained the highest yield of 34.2%, with density of 1.001 g/ml and viscosity of 1.351 cSt. As for coconut shell pyrolysis it was obtained highest yield of 45,2% with density of 1,212 g/ml and viscosity of 1.457 cSt. From the result of analysis using FTIR, the functional group of bio-oil was the most compound of phenol and alkene. Keywords : Bio-oil; Coconut; Fiber; Pyrolysis; Shell *This is a revised and extended version of an article which had been presented at SNTK UNNES 2017, Semarang, Indonesia, September 20 th , 2017. INTRODUCTION Coconut coir and shell is a downstream product of coconut that is still often considered as solid waste. The existence of such waste creates problems for the environment because it is difficult to decompose or degrade naturally in the environment. The components of coconut solid waste consist of 21.07% cellulose and 43.44% lignin, while the coconut shell component consists of 27.31% cellulose and 33.30% lignin (Noor, 2014). Coconut coir and shell is a biomass that has the potential to be increased its usefulness and economic value. One of them is through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic matter through the heating process with no or little oxygen or other reagents, in which raw materials will break the chemical structure into gas phase. Pyrolysis which leaves only carbon as a residue is called carbonization. There are usually three products in the pyrolysis process: gas, liquid product, and charcoal. The vapor produced in the pyrolysis process contains carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, volatile tar and water. The steam is then condensed into a liquid. Pyrolysis is known as bio-oil (Laird et al., 2009). Bio-oil is a liquid fuel produced from biomass in a process known as fast pyrolysis to increase its viscosity. Bio- oil is also referred to as pyrolysis oil, liquid pyrolysis, wood liquid, wood oil, liquid smoke,