INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Volume 9, Issue 3, 2018 pp.283-294
Journal homepage: www.IJEE.IEEFoundation.org
ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online) ©2018 International Energy & Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
Effect of the carbon nanotube (CNT) in the materials used
for prosthetics and orthotics applications
Jumaa S. Chiad, Wajdi Sadik, Abbas Hameed Jeryo
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Received 20 Oct. 2017; Received in revised form 20 Nov. 2017; Accepted 29 Nov. 2017; Available online 1 May 2018
Abstract
In this work, the optimal mechanical properties of the lamination materials that used in manufacturing
prosthesis and orthoses parts are studied. The optimization is selected according to high yield, ultimate
stresses, bending stress and fatigue properties. The method of selection the optimal materials is a response
surface methodology (RSM) which depend on two parameters, reinforcement material Perlon fiber and
percentage of multi-wall carbon nanotube MWCNTs which is mixed with matrix lamination resin. Thirteen
samples are suggested according to RSM method by controlling two variables which are the layers number
for Perlon and MWCNTs percentage. This method leads to select the optimum materials which give a
maximum yield, ultimate and bending stresses. According to ASTM D638 and D790, the three imported
tests are performed which are tensile, three-point bending and fatigue tests for all laminations materials as
selected by RSM method and manufactured by vacuum method. Also, fatigue test is performed for optimal
lamination material and compared with laminations manufactured in the previous study, 10 layers Perlon
lamination and 424 laminations (4Perlon, 2carbon fiber and 4Perlon). The results obtained by Design
Expert program version 10.0.2 showed that the lamination (10 layers Perlon and 0.75%of MWCNTs) is
the optimum lamination according to the maximum yield, ultimate and bending stresses, and, endurance
stress.
Copyright © 2018 International Energy and Environment Foundation - All rights reserved.
Keywords: Mechanical and fatigue properties; Response surface methodology (RSM); Perlon layers;
Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs).
1. Introduction
Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in prosthesis and orthoses because of many patients
suffering from loss their limbs as a result of amputation or a birth defect. The prosthesis is an artificial
replacement for any missing part of the body, while orthoses is an outer device using in the body part to
provide one or more deferent capacity include, decreasing a pain, correct deformity, improvement in a
function, assist motion or augment weak muscles, control spastic muscles and others functions [1]. After
World War II, advanced in prostheses were remarkable. New fitting techniques, new materials and new
concepts of design all aided the amputee. There was no similar technologic progress in orthotics, however.
Recently the early 1970s seemed appropriate to appear the field of orthoses as the most Prominent,
parochial and provincial portion of orthopedic surgery and rehabilitation [2]. The lower limbs orthoses or
prostheses explores to fatigue and outer load for this reasons, studying and enhancement of mechanical