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Geoplanning
Vol 4, No. 2, 2017, 143-156 Journal of Geomatics and Planning
E-ISSN: 2355-6544
http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/geoplanning
doi: 10.14710/geoplanning.4.2.143-156
A GIS-BASED TSUNAMI EVACUATION MODEL CONSIDERING LAND COVER AND
SPATIAL CONFIGURATION (CASE OF PURWOREJO REGENCY, INDONESIA)
F. F. Hakim
a,b
, W. T. de Vries
a
, F. Siegert
a
, J. A. Sjahbana
c
a
Technische Universität München, Germany
b
Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Indonesia
c
Diponegoro University, Indonesia
Abstract: In Indonesia, several programs have dealt with tsunami mitigation, such as
The German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) project (2005-2011).
Despite the success of these projects, many coastal areas in Indonesia are still
vulnerable to tsunamis, due to the variety of land cover and spatial configuration
characteristics. One of such vulnerable areas includes Purworejo Regency. This paper
evaluated the degree to which land cover and spatial configuration characteristics
influence the tsunami evacuation process, and thus influence tsunami hazard
mitigation. The evaluation drawn on data from a low to medium density populated
coastal area of Purworejo Regency. The analysis relied on a quantitative approach,
using a cross-sectional field survey, followed by a GIS-based analysis. This is
complemented by a raster-based analysis to incorporate the land cover and spatial
configuration aspects. The combined analysis derived which buildings could act as
evacuation buildings in case of a tsunami. The associated tsunami evacuation routes
were calculated using a Least Cost Path (LCP) analysis method. The results suggested
that several public facility buildings are likely to be used as tsunami evacuation
buildings. Yet, even though the overall capacity of these buildings is adequate to
accommodate the estimated number of evacuees in a larger area, the specific demand
at certain locations in the study area is much higher than these localities can handle.
This disproportionate spatial variation in required capacity needs further attention.
Moreover, the survey responses indicated that the majority of the respondents was not
well informed regarding the tsunami evacuation procedures.
Copyright © 2017 GJGP-UNDIP
This open access article is distributed under a
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-SA) 4.0 International license.
How to cite (APA 6th Style):
Hakim, F. F, et. al. (2017). A Gis-Based Tsunami Evacuation Model Considering Land Cover and Spatial Configuration (Case of Purworejo Regency,
Indonesia). Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning, 4(2), 143-156. doi:10.14710/geoplanning.4.3.143-156
1. INTRODUCTION
A tsunami is a particularly disastrous natural hazard. The threat of this natural disaster remains hidden
until it is triggered by an earthquake on the seabed. The degree of devastation of tsunamis has been shown
by the Aceh Tsunami on 26th December 2004, which shattered 413 km
2
in the Aceh Province’s coastal area
alone (Samek, Skole, & Chomentowski, 2004), whilst also affecting many other parts of coastal areas
around the Indian Ocean.
The Aceh tsunami disaster initiated several programs and activities to support tsunami mitigation in
Indonesia. One of the most noticeable examples concerned GITEWS, the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early
Warning System project (2005-2011), later known as InaTEWS (Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System).
Despite the proclaimed success of the project (Münch, Rudloff, & Lauterjung, 2011), its implementation is
not considered completed (Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysic, 2010). At local level,
GITEWS has enabled tsunami hazard zone mapping through detailed tsunami inundation modelling in three
different locations: Kuta (Bali), Padang (West-Sumatra), and Cilacap (Central Java) (Gayer et al., 2010).
Meanwhile, many other areas were assessed using empirical methods to classify coastal area hazard classes
Article Info:
Received: 20 November 2016
in revised form: 11 July 2017
Accepted: 26 August 2017
Available Online: 30 August 2017
Keywords:
Tsunami evacuation, land cover,
spatial configuration, least cost path
Corresponding Author:
Febri Fahmi Hakim
Ministry of Public Works and
Housing, Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: febrifahmi@pu.go.id
OPEN ACCESS