Structures Congress 2020 239
© ASCE
Infrastructure Structural Health Monitoring via Infrasound
R. Danielle Whitlow, Ph.D., P.E.
1
; Isaac L. Howard, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
2
; Anna M. Jordan
3
;
Sarah L. McComas
4
; and Mihan H. McKenna, Ph.D.
5
1
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. E-mail:
danielle.whitlow@usace.army.mil
2
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS.
E-mail: ilhoward@cee.msstate.edu
3
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. E-mail:
anna.m.jordan@usace.army.mil
4
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. E-mail:
sarah.mccomas@usace.army.mil
5
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. E-mail:
mihan.h.mckenna@usace.army.mil
ABSTRACT
Infrasound is an emerging remote sensing technology related to low-frequency acoustics.
This paper provides a state-of-the-art assessment of infrasound’s ability to detect and monitor a
diverse array of infrastructure, including a discussion of best practices for use and potential
limitations. This paper follows field experiments where researchers were focused on a single
bridge source with infrasound (remote monitoring) and on-structure instrumentation, in which
the on-structure data validated infrasound data. After completing the assessment of the bridge of
primary interest, the question of wide-area infrasound monitoring was raised. While the original
experiment series focused on a single bridge source, further evaluation of the data set identified
multiple sources within the area of study via infrasound, allowing investigation of the feasibility
of multiple-source monitoring. These additional sources included hydraulic features, bridges,
industrial activity, and a dam. Some of these features were detected via infrasound while others
were not.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
In 2017, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) rated the nation’s infrastructure at
a D+ for the second time in four years (ASCE 2017). As the amount of infrastructure in need of
persistent monitoring increases and the resource pool remains limited, the need for cost effective
monitoring solutions, e.g., sensing, is essential. This paper focuses on the use of infrasound for
remote infrastructure structural health monitoring as it relates to transportation infrastructure and
the assessment of transportation networks.
In the last decade, the field of remote sensing has undergone rapid development as it offers
several advantages over traditional methods of inspection and infrastructure monitoring
including no need for direct access to the structure, no function (e.g. traffic) stoppage, and the
ability to monitor persistently. This manuscript focuses on the use of infrasound for remote, non-
line-of -sight, persistent monitoring as a supplementary tool to traditional methods of inspection
and monitoring. Infrasound is traditionally defined as acoustics below the range of 20 Hz
(Bedard and Georges 2000; Evers 2005; Christie and Campus 2010). Research efforts by the
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) utilize arrays of infrasound
sensors deployed surrounding the structure of interest (Simpson et al. 2019 provides detailed
Structures Congress 2020
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