  Citation: Venegas, P.J.; García-Ayachi, L.A.; Catenazzi, A. Two New Species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Amazonas Department in Northeastern Peru. Taxonomy 2022, 2, 20–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ taxonomy2010002 Academic Editor: Christophe Piscart Received: 9 November 2021 Accepted: 19 December 2021 Published: 23 December 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Article Two New Species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Amazonas Department in Northeastern Peru Pablo J. Venegas 1,2,3, * , Luis A. García-Ayachi 1,2 and Alessandro Catenazzi 1,2,4 1 Instituto Peruano de Herpetología (IPH), Augusto Salazar Bondy 136, Urban Higuereta, Surco, Lima 33, Peru; lgarciaayachi@gmail.com (L.A.G.-A.); acatenaz@fiu.edu (A.C.) 2 División de Herpetología, Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Santa Rita No. 105 Oficina 202, Urban Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima 33, Peru 3 Rainforest Partnership, 4005 Guadalupe St., Austin, TX 78751, USA 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA * Correspondence: pvenegas@corbidi.org Abstract: We describe two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs in the genus Pristimantis from the Andes of northeastern Peru, Amazonas Department. Both species share several characters with other congeners from northern Peru, such as the presence of prominent conical tubercles on their eyelids and heel, prominent conical tubercles along the outer edge of the tarsus, and discs on fingers and toes widely expanded. However, both species can be diagnosed from morphologically similar Pristimantis in the region. Pristimantis kiruhampatu has axillae, groins, and hidden surfaces of hindlimbs that are cherry with white minute flecks, tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus evident, conical tubercles along the edge of snout and outer edge of tibia, and \/ shaped folds in the scapular region. Pristimantis paulpittmani has yellow or dirty cream groins and hidden surfaces of hindlimbs, whitish cream irises with scattered dark brown reticulations, and a thin vertical dark brown streak at the middle of the eye, snout subacuminate with a conical tubercle at the tip, and lacks a tympanic annulus and membrane. Additionally, we provide a short description of the advertisement call of P. kiruhampatu. Keywords: advertisement call; cloud forest; Cordillera de Colán; montane forest; new species; Peruvian Yungas; taxonomy 1. Introduction The genus Pristimantis is the most species-rich genus of frogs, with 569 species named to date [1]. The genus occurs in southern Central and South America, where it reaches elevations from sea level in the Caribbean and Lesser Antilles up to 4000 m a.s.l. in the Andes. The genus is exceptionally diverse in the Tropical Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru [2–4]. Many more species are described every year, on average over a dozen every year [1]. Since 2010, researchers have named 138 species of Pristimantis, nearly three times the number in the second genus with the most descriptions (Leptobrachella from southern Asia), and nearly 8% of all new species of amphibians described. The rate of new Pristimantis descriptions has increased noticeably in 2019 and 2020 (19 and 18 new species, respectively) [1]. Since 2010, Peru has ranked second in terms of new Pristimantis species described (15% of all new Pristimantis), ranking between Ecuador and Colombia [1]. Twenty of the 142 species known to occur in Peru have been described since 2010 [1]. These numbers suggest that we are far from reaching saturation in terms of the number of species of Pristimantis in Peru, and more generally for the genus across the Tropical Andes. As for other terrestrial-breeding frogs in the Andes, many species of Pristimantis are endemic to small montane areas and valleys, many of which remain poorly explored [5–8]. Taxonomy 2022, 2, 20–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010002 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/taxonomy