Developing Country Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online) Vol.3, No.12, 2013 16 Behaviour Analysis of Riverbank Society on Pollution of Water Quality in Ciliwung River Downstream, Jakarta J. Herman Sinaulan 1* , Nuhfil Hanani AR 2 , Setyono Yudo Tyasmoro 2 , Bambang Ali Nugroho 3 1. Department of Environment and Development Studies, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia 2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia 3. Department of Social Economy, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia * E-mail of the corresponding author: herman.jkt2013@gmail.com Abstract General problems which occur in urban areas, mainly in big cities of Indonesia, are due to river pollution activities in surround river communities. This study which conducted in downstream of Ciliwung River, the capital Jakarta, is experiencing tremendous pollution caused by household waste. Therefore, this study attempted to answer how is water pollution in Ciliwung River downstream, what factors affect people's behavior in utilizing and conserving water quality of Ciliwung River downstream, and effective ways to control pollution in the Ciliwung River to consider aspects of community participation. The approach of this study is a quantitative analysis of SEM. The results of analysis show that the household activities are the major contributor of pollution. Also, there are direct and indirect influences significantly between the variables of society behavior of the Ciliwung riverbanks and the existing pollution. Keywords: behaviour analysis, Ciliwung River downstream, Riverbank Society, water pollution 1. Introduction Interactions between human activities and environment always carry positive or negative impacts. Positive effect of the interaction can be realized by increased welfare, while the negative impact can be externalities harmful to environment and also for human (Angger, 2007). Environmental problems arise when the exploitation of natural resources ignore the principles of natural resource management and environmental sustainability (Bateman and Snell, 2004). It has become a global issue, and attract the attention of researchers and decision makers. The interesting phenomenon in natural resources exploitation, which is rarely studied, is the environmental problems in the riverbank area. This problem generally occurs in urban areas, especially in big cities, including Ciliwung River in Jakarta, where human activities around the river polluted the water. Hendrawan (2005) reported, many economic activities are undertaken by communities around the river, thus inflict the negative impact to the river function. The negative activity, especially people’s behavior in littering and building on riverbank, causes more pressure on Ciliwung River. Currently, the river is having constriction, siltation, and pollution that reducing optimal function of Ciliwung River. Ciliwung also experiences tremendous pollution. Household waste is assumed as the major cause of heavy pollution in Ciliwung. Government is having difficulties to persuade people leaving the littering habit into river. If this condition continues, some areas that use Ciliwung as water resources will experience clean water crisis. The carrying capacity of the Ciliwung is decline – in the aspects of technical-functional for flood control, comfort and beauty of the environment, and water quality – and become problems that need attention. Therefore, it is necessary to research the social and technical aspects on Ciliwung riverbank. Nowadays, the condition of Ciliwung is accumulation of negative externalities that occur for long time, and lack redress of negative impacts. In general, the issues in this study are related to the water pollution and the behavior of people on the riverbanks of Ciliwung (Rendanikusuma, 2008). Particularly, the issues are: 1. current level of water pollution; 2. factors that affect people's behavior in using and conserving the water quality; 3. effective way to control pollution that considers the aspects of public participation. 2. Theoritical Study 2.1 Water Quality Concepts Domestic waste includes all household wastes which are dumped into the sewer, including small industrial