THE GENDER REVOLUTION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Henry Etzkowitz, Namrata Gupta and Carol Kemelgor The confluence between the gender and information technology (IT) revolutions has the potential to create a new development paradigm. Tlie transition from an industrial to a knowledge society opens up new opportunities for women in the emerging technology transfer, innovation and entrepreneurship (TIE) fields that avoid some of the negative eonsequenccs of aeademie science. The spread of information and communication tech- nologies (ICTs) in developing countries empowers women by upgrading skills, enhaneing employment opportunities, ereating income for reinvestment and political strength. This artiele addresses the consequenees of gender inequalities in depressing the eontribution of women and the growing opportunities for them to use technology in order to take economic and soeial advancement into their own hands. T he gender revolution in science and technology (S&T) is uneven but not stalled.' It moves in fits and starts in a positive direction, with exceptions such as the downward trend in computer science education.^ In a broad range of disci- plines, women in both the developed and advanced developing worlds (e.g., Brazil, Chile, Argentina and South Africa) are moving to parity in access to higher educa- tion in S&T. Recently, women have attained top leadership positions in science and technology at major universities (including Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Princeton University, Cambridge University, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich and Chalmers University of Technology, Cothenberg), suggesting a gender breakthrough.^ The gender digital divide is also waning, with women's access to computers and Henry Etzkowitz is a visiting seholar at Stanford University and a visiting professor at Edinburgh University Business Sehool's Centre for Entrepreneurship Researeh. Namrata Gupta is a freelance researeher with a PhD in Soeiology from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. Carol Kemelgor is a psychotherapist and psyehoanalyst in private praetiee in North Salem, New York. Journal of ¡niernational Affairs, Fall/Winter 2010, Vol. 64, No. 1. FALL/WINTER 2010 | 83 © The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York